Dallas Blues

Dallas Blues ist ein Blues-Titel, für dessen Melodie 1912 Hart A. Wand das Copyright erhielt[1] und zu dem Lloyd Garrett vor 1918 einen Text verfasste.[2] Der Song wurde ab den 1930er-Jahren durch zahlreiche Aufnahmen zu einem Jazzstandard, vor allem im Traditional Jazz.

Entstehung

Der Dallas Blues gehört zu den ersten echten Blues-Titeln in der 12-taktigen Liedform AAB, die veröffentlicht wurden;[3] zuvor erschienen Anthony Maggios „I Got the Blues“ 1908, bei dem jedoch auf einen 12-taktige Bluesteil in G-Dur eine Passage in g-moll mit typischen Ragtimeformen folgt, und „Oh! You Beautiful Doll“, ein Tin-Pan-Alley-Song von 1911, dessen erste Strophe ein zwölftaktiger Blues ist.[4] 1912 erschienen zwei weitere Songs, in deren Titel „Blues“ vorkam, „Baby Seals’ Blues“ (August 1912), eine Vaudeville-Nummer von Franklin „Baby“ Seals, und „The Memphis Blues“ von W. C. Handy (September 1912).[5] Nach Ansicht von Samuel Charters war keiner der früheren Songs ein genuiner Bluessong.[6]

Der 1918 von Lloyd Garrett geschriebene Text stellte die Zuneigung des Sängers für Dallas dar:[7]

There's a place I know, folks won't pass me by,
Dallas, Texas, that's the town, I cry, oh hear me cry.
And I'm going back, going back to stay there 'til I die, until I die.

Nach den Forschungen von Samuel Charters, der Hart Wand für sein Buch The Country Blues (1959) interviewte, brachte dieser den Song einer befreundeten Pianistin, Annabelle Robbins, die die Musik für ihn arrangierte.[8] Charters erwähnt, dass der Songtitel von einem Arbeiter des Vaters von Wand stammte, der dazu bemerkte, der Song würde ihm „den Blues geben, nach Dallas zurückzukehren.“ Kurz nach der ersten Veröffentlichung durch Hart A. Wand in Oklahoma City wurde er am Mississippi häufig gespielt,[9] und fortan landesweit bekannt.

Aufnahmen

Dallas Blues wurde 1917 von Marie Cahill aufgenommen (Victor 55081). Eine erste Aufnahme im Bereich des Jazz erlebte der Titel am 7. Oktober 1918 durch Wilbur Sweatmans Original Jazz Band (Columbia A-2633), gefolgt von Einspielungen den 1920er-Jahren u. a. von Bob Fuller, Fred Hall, Lucille Hegamin, Maggie Jones und Lee Morse.[10], im Blues u. a. von Bobby Leecan und Robert Cooksey (The South Street Trio).

Der Song Dallas Blues wurde nun häufig, obwohl er als Blues in einem langsamen Tempo verfasst wurde,[11] häufig im Stil des Ragtime oder Dixieland Jazz gespielt. Anfang der 1930er Jahre war der Titel im Repertoire von Tanzorchestern und Jazzbands. Louis Armstrong hatte mit seiner Version (Okeh Records 8774) 1930 einen Charterfolg in den Vereinigten Staaten.[12] 1931 kam Ted Lewis mit Sänger Fats Waller mit dem Titel in der Hitparade auf Platz 7.[13] In diesem Jahrzehnt wurde Dallas Blues u. a. auch von Andy Kirk,[12] dem Casa Loma Orchestra, Isham Jones, Wingy Manone, George Hall sowie Woody Herman and His Orchestra (mit der Bandvokalistin Mary Ann McCall) eingespielt. In Europa wurde der Song erstmals von The Berry's, einer Zürcher Band um den Schlagzeuger Berry Peritz (1941) und von Dick Willebrandts en zijn Radio Orkest (1943) aufgenommen.

In späteren Jahren wurde Dallas Blues u. a. auch von Red Nichols, Humphrey Lyttelton, Lu Watters, George Lewis, Ken Colyer, Turk Murphy, Acker Bilk und Max Collie interpretiert. Im Bereich des Jazz wird er von Tom Lord in 175 Coverversionen gelistet.[10]

Literatur

  • Samuel B. Charters, The Country Blues. Da Capo Press, 1975, ISBN 0-306-80014-4
  • Francis Davis, The History Of The Blues: The Roots, The Music, The People. Da Capo Press, 2003, ISBN 0-306-81296-7
  • Craig Duncan, Blues Fiddling Classics. Mel Bay Publications, 1994, ISBN 0-7866-1855-8
  • David A. Jasen, A Century of American Popular Music: 1899-1999. Routledge, 2002, ISBN 0-415-93700-0

Einzelnachweise

  1. Mississippi State University's Templeton Digital Sheet Music Collection (Memento des Originals vom 29. November 2014 im Internet Archive)  Info: Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.@1@2Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/digital.library.msstate.edu
  2. Dallas Blues (Memento vom 15. Dezember 2014 im Internet Archive). Frank K. Root & Company, ca. 1918.
  3. Duncan, Blues Fiddling Classics, S. 30: „This tune was the first 12-bar blues to be published (March 1912). It was written by violinist/band leader Hart Wand from Oklahoma.“
  4. Davis, The History of the Blues, S. 59: „But in a sense, the very first blues was the twelve-bar opening verse to the pop song ‚Oh, You Beautiful Doll‘, which was published in 1911.“
  5. Davis, The History of the Blues, S 59: „The composer of the very first copyright ‚blues‘ was Hart Wand, a white Oklahoma violinist and bandleader whose ‚Dallas Blues‘ was so named because its melody gave a black porter who worked for Wand's family ‚the blues to go back to Dallas.‘ This was followed a few months later by ‚Baby Seal Blues‘, a negligible item by the black vaudeville performer Arthur ‚Baby‘ Seals and ragtime pianist Arthur Matthews.“
  6. Charters, The Country Blues, S. 34–35: „The first was Hart Wand's ‚Dallas Blues,‘ published in March; the second was Arthur Seals’s ‚Bab Seals’ Blues‘, published in August; Handy finally brought out his blues in September. Both Handy and Arthur Seals were Negroes, but the music that they titled blues is more or less derived from the standard popular musical styles of the ‚coon-song‘ and ‚cake-walk‘ type. It is ironic the first published piece in the Negro blues idiom, ‚Dallas Blues,‘ was by a white man, Hart Wand.“
  7. Jasen, A Century of American Popular Music, S. 45: Dallas Blues; Wand Publishing Co.—Oklahoma City, 1912; Probably the first published blues number. Words were added (by Lloyd Garrett in 1918).
  8. Charters, The Country Blues, S. 35.
  9. Charters, The Country Blues, S. 36: „Twenty bars in all, it was easy to play and whistle, and within a few weeks it was a favorite the length of the Mississippi River.“
  10. a b Tom Lord: The Jazz Discography (online, abgerufen am 18. November 2014)
  11. Tempo di Blues. Very slowly@1@2Vorlage:Toter Link/digital.library.msstate.edu (Seite nicht mehr abrufbar, festgestellt im April 2018. Suche in Webarchiven)  Info: Der Link wurde automatisch als defekt markiert. Bitte prüfe den Link gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.
  12. a b Jammin’ for the Jackpot: Big Bands and Territory Bands of the 30's (Liner Notes: New World NW 217) (Memento vom 17. Mai 2011 im Internet Archive)
  13. Jasen, A Century of American Popular Music, S. 45: Although a favorite of dance and jazz bands, Ted Lewis and His Band had the number 7 hit in 1931, with Fats Waller as vocalist (Columbia 2527-D).

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