Antragsdelikt

Unter einem Antragsdelikt versteht man eine Straftat, der grundsätzlich nur auf Antrag des Geschädigten von den Strafverfolgungsbehörden nachgegangen wird. Unterschieden wird zwischen

  • einem absoluten Antragsdelikt,
  • einem bedingten Antragsdelikt und
  • einem relativen Antragsdelikt.

Das Gegenstück zum Antragsdelikt ist das Offizialdelikt, das die Staatsanwaltschaft von Amts wegen verfolgen muss.

Absolutes Antragsdelikt

Absolute Antragsdelikte können ohne Strafantrag nicht verfolgt werden. Dessen Fehlen stellt ein echtes Verfolgungshindernis dar (wie zum Beispiel auch die Verfolgungsverjährung).

Im deutschen Strafgesetzbuch ausgewiesene absolute Antragsdelikte:

Bedingtes Antragsdelikt, unechtes Antragsdelikt, relatives Antragsdelikt nach BGH

Bedingtes Antragsdelikt[1], unechtes Antragsdelikt[2], eingeschränktes Offizialdelikt[3] oder relatives Offizialdelikt[4] bezeichnet nach verschiedenen Stimmen in der strafrechtlichen Literatur im Recht Deutschlands eine Mischung aus Antrags- und Offizialdelikt: Delikte, die auch dann verfolgt werden können, wenn zwar kein Strafantrag vorliegt, die Staatsanwaltschaft jedoch das besondere öffentliche Interesse an der Strafverfolgung bejaht. Der Bundesgerichtshof[5] und eine weitere Auffassung in der strafrechtlichen Literatur[6] bezeichnen diesen Deliktstyp als relatives Antragsdelikt.

Die Bejahung des besonderen öffentlichen Interesses an der Strafverfolgung kann nach herrschender Meinung nicht mit Rechtsmitteln angegriffen werden.

Derartige im deutschen Strafgesetzbuch ausgewiesene Vergehen sind:

Außerhalb des deutschen Strafgesetzbuchs ausgewiesene Vergehen, die sowohl auf Antrag als auch bei Vorliegen eines besonderen öffentlichen Interesses verfolgt werden können:

Relatives Antragsdelikt nach einer Literaturansicht

Als relatives Antragsdelikt werden nach einer in der strafrechtlichen Literatur vertretenen Ansicht[7] (im Gegensatz zur oben genannten Ansicht des Bundesgerichtshofes) Offizialdelikte bezeichnet, die bei Hinzutreten weiterer, besonderer Umstände zu Antragsdelikten werden.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Andreas Popp in: Strafgesetzbuch. Leipziger Kommentar. Band 11 §§ 211-231, herausgegeben von Gabriele Cirener, Henning Radtke, Ruth Rissing-van Saan, Thomas Rönnau und Wilhelm Schluckebier, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 13. Auflage 2023, § 230 Rn. 1; Peter Riess: Die Rechtsstellung des Verletzten im Strafverfahren. Gutachten C für den 55. Deutschen Juristentag, 1984, Rn. 15
  2. nach Zielinski GS Hilde Kaufmann, 1986, 875 (885)
  3. nach Nikolaus Bosch: Der Strafantrag. Jura 2013, S. 368 (370)
  4. nach SK-StGB/Rudolphi/Wolter Vor § 77 Rn. 1
  5. BGH, Beschluss vom 20. April 2017 - 2 StR 79/17; BGH, Urteil vom 15. März 2001 – 5 StR 454/00.
  6. Eric Hilgendorf, § 205 Rn. 1, in: Strafgesetzbuch. Leipziger Kommentar. Band 10 §§ 174–210, herausgegeben von Gabriele Cirener, Henning Radtke, Ruth Rissing-van Saan, Thomas Rönnau und Wilhelm Schluckebier, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2023 ; Michael Lindemann, § 301 Rn. 1, in: Strafgesetzbuch. Leipziger Kommentar. Band 16 §§ 284–305a, herausgegeben von Gabriele Cirener, Henning Radtke, Ruth Rissing-van Saan, Thomas Rönnau und Wilhelm Schluckebier, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2023; Frank Böhme, Nils Lahmann: Strafantragsrecht. JuS 2016, S. 234 (235).
  7. Nikolaus Bosch: Der Strafantrag. Jura 2013, S. 368 (370); Lackner/Kühl/Kühl § 77 Rn. 1; Schönke/Schröder/Bosch § 77 Rn. 2; SK-StGB/Rudolphi/Wolter Rn. 1.

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