Antarktische Schmiele

Antarktische Schmiele

Antarktische Schmiele (Deschampsia antarctica) zusammen mit Antarktischer Perlwurz (Colobanthus quitensis) auf den Südlichen Shetlandinseln

Systematik
Commeliniden
Ordnung: Süßgrasartige (Poales)
Familie: Süßgräser (Poaceae)
Unterfamilie: Pooideae
Gattung: Schmielen (Deschampsia)
Art: Antarktische Schmiele
Wissenschaftlicher Name
Deschampsia antarctica
É.Desv.

Die Antarktische Schmiele (Deschampsia antarctica) ist eine Pflanzenart innerhalb der Familie der Süßgräser (Poaceae). Neben der Antarktischen Perlwurz (Colobanthus quitensis) ist sie die einzige heimische Samenpflanzenart der Antarktis.

Antarktische Schmiele auf der Petermann-Insel

Beschreibung

Die Antarktische Schmiele ist eine ausdauernde Pflanze mit polsterförmigem Wuchs. Sie erreicht Wuchshöhen zwischen 10 und 30 Zentimetern. Das gestutzte Blatthäutchen wird 4 bis 8 Millimeter lang. Die Blattspreiten sind schmal, gerollt und etwa 2,5 bis 3 Millimeter breit.

Der Blütenstand ist eine lockere, 5 bis 20 Zentimeter lange Rispe. Die gestielten, zwei- bis dreiblütigen, 5 bis 7 Millimeter langen Ährchen stehen einzeln an den behaarten Rispenästen. Die Frucht ist eine 1 bis 1,2 Millimeter lange, dunkelbraune Karyopse.

Antarktische Schmiele (Deschampsia antarctica)

Verbreitung

Die Antarktische Schmiele wächst im äußersten Süden Südamerikas in Argentinien und Chile, in Antarktika sowie auf den subantarktischen und antarktischen Inseln: Crozetinseln, Falklandinseln, Heard und McDonaldinseln, Kerguelen, Südgeorgien und südliche Sandwichinseln.[1]

Taxonomie

Die Antarktische Schmiele wurde 1854 von Étienne-Émile Desvaux in Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile ... Botanica (Gay) Band 6, Seite 338 als Deschampsia antarctica É.Desv. erstbeschrieben. Der früher von William Jackson Hooker 1837 in Icones Plantarum; or Figures, with Brief Descriptive Characters and Remarks of New or Rare Plants Band 2, tab. 150 veröffentlichte Name Aira antarctica ist illegitim. Synonyme von Deschampsia antarctica É.Desv. sind Aira antarctica Hook. non Forst. 1786, Airidium elegantulum Steud., Deschampsia henrardii Kloos, Deschampsia antarctica var. brevirostrata Hack. ex Dusén, Deschampsia elegantula (Steud.) Parodi.[1]

Quellen

Weiterführende Literatur

  • Irena Giełwanowska, Ewa Szczuka, Józef Bednara, Ryszard Górecki: Anatomical Features and Ultrastructure of Deschampsia antarctica (Poaceae) Leaves from Different Growing Habitats. In: Annals of Botany. Volume 96, Issue 6, 2005, S. 1109–1119, doi:10.1093/aob/mci262.

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ a b Datenblatt Deschampsia antarctica bei POWO = Plants of the World Online von Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Kew Science.
Commons: Antarktische Schmiele (Deschampsia antarctica) – Sammlung von Bildern

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