Abgeordnetenhaus (Osmanisches Reich)

Eröffnung des ersten osmanischen Parlaments, 1877.

Die Abgeordnetenkammer (osmanisch هيئت مبعوثان İA Heyʾet-i Mebʿūs̱ān) war das Unterhaus des Osmanischen Parlaments.

Unter Sultan Abdülhamid II. wurde die Abgeordnetenkammer nach nur anderthalb Jahren aufgelöst und blieb dies für mehr als 30 Jahre.

Französisch: Marche des Députés/Meboussan Marche
Türkisch: Mebusan Marşı

Erste Verfassungsära

Das Heyet-i Mebusan reflektierte die Verteilung der Millets im Osmanischen Reich. Bei den zweiten Wahlen gab es 69 Vertreter der muslimischen Millets und 46 Vertreter anderer Millets (Bulgaren, Juden, Griechen, Armenier).

Zweite Verfassungsära

Die Zweite Verfassungsära des Osmanischen Reiches begann kurz nachdem die Jungtürkische Revolution 1908 die konstitutionelle Monarchie wiederherstellte. Diese Periode führte zur Gründung zahlreicher politischer Gruppen. Eine Serie von Wahlen während dieser Periode führte zum schrittweisen Aufstieg des Komitees für Einheit und Fortschritt („KEF“). Die zweitgrößte Partei, die Freiheits- und Einigkeitspartei (Liberale Union „LU“, türkisch Hürriyet ve İtilâf) war eine Koalition von Parteien, die von Prinz Sabahaddin geleitet wurde. Die Verfassungsära endete nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg mit der Besetzung von Istanbul am 13. November 1918.

Literatur

  • Aykut Kansu: Politics in Post-Revolutionary Turkey, 1908–1913. Brill Press, Leiden 2000
  • Kemal Karpat: Ottoman Past and Today’s Turkey. Brill Press, Leiden 2000 (e.a. The Ottoman parliament of 1877 and its social significance)
  • Emre Sencer: Balkan Nationalism in the Ottoman Parliament, 1908–1909. M.A. Thesis (History), Ohio State University, 2000
  • Les annales parlementaires ottomanes (1 volume de 1877 et 31 volumes de 1908-1920). University of Michigan Dearborne (Memento vom 3. Oktober 2013 im Internet Archive)

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