Bechdel-test

Bechdel-testen (engelsk: Bechdel test, Bechdel rule) er en kvantitativ test til vurdering af kvinders repræsentation i værker med dialog, såsom film, skuespil og romaner. En film eller andet værk består Bechdel-testen, hvis to kvinder eller kvindelige karakterer taler sammen om noget andet end mænd. Nogle gange tilføjes det, at de to kvinder skal være navngivet. Mange værker i samtidens fin- og populærkultur består ikke testen.

Oprindelse

Alison Bechdel i 2012

Testen er opkaldt efter den amerikanske tegneserietegner, Alison Bechdel, der introducerede den i sin tegneseriestribe, Dykes to Watch Out For,[1] hvor den var møntet på film.

For at et værk kan bestå testen, skal det opfylde tre betingelser:

  1. Der skal være mindst to (navngivne) kvinder
  2. De skal tale med hinanden
  3. De skal tale om andet end mænd.

Tilsvarende kan man tale om den omvendte Bechdel-test, hvor der skal være mindst to navngivne mænd, der skal tale med hinanden om andet end kvinder.

Anvendelse

Bechdel-testen er brugt til at undersøge og kvantificere den ulige repræsentation som kvinder modtager på film. For eksempel bestod 13 ud af 2013's 19 danske film ikke testen, mens blot 1 ikke bestod den omvendte test.[2] I 2013 begyndte 4 svenske biografer at mærke film på baggrund af Bechdel-testen.[3] Webstedet http://bechdeltest.com indeholder en oversigt over film og hvordan de scorer på Bechdel-kriterierne. Statistik på filmene i deres database viser at omkring 56% af filmene opfylder alle tre kriterier.[4] Et studie af sammenhængen mellem Bechdel-dataene og filmenes indtjening viser, at film, der består Bechdel-testen, er associeret med større indtjening per udgift på det nordamerikanske marked.[5]

Kilder

  1. ^ Anders Haahr Rasmussen (27. februar 2012). "Kan kvinder snakke om andet end mænd?". Information.
  2. ^ Katrine Hornstrup Yde (31. december 2013). "Dansk film dumper i mangfoldighed". Information.
  3. ^ Jenny Eriksson , Lars Brundin (16. november 2013). "A-märkt film får ris och ros". Sydsvenskan. Arkiveret fra originalen 22. januar 2014. Hentet 26. januar 2014.
  4. ^ Stats and graphs - Bechdel Test Movie List
  5. ^ Walt Hickey (1. april 2014). "The Dollar-And-Cents Case Against Hollywood's Exclusion of Women". FiveThirtyEightLife.

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