Minami Torišima

Minami Torišima
Letecký snímek ostrova z roku 1987
Letecký snímek ostrova z roku 1987
Minami Torišima
Minami Torišima
StátJaponskoJaponsko Japonsko
Topografie
Zeměpisné souřadnice24°17′12″ s. š., 153°58′50″ v. d.
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Minami Torišima (japonsky: 南鳥島) nebo také Ostrov Marcus je izolovaný ostrov v severozápadním Pacifiku. Název ostrova v japonštině znamená „Jižní ptačí ostrov“. Rozloha ostrova je 1,2 km2. Je to nejvýchodněji položený ostrov patřící Japonsku, leží 1 848 km jihovýchodně od Tokia, 1 267 km východně od nejbližšího japonského ostrova Minami Iódžima v souostroví Ogasawara a skoro přímo na spojnici mezi Tokiem a ostrovem Wake, který je 1 415 km na východojihovýchod. Nejbližším ostrovem je ovšem Farallon de Pajaros v Mariánských ostrovech vzdálený 1021 km na ZJZ od Minami Torišimy.

Historie

Ostrov původně objevil kapitán Arriola v roce 1694, ale jeho poloha nebyla zaznamenána až do 19. století. První zmínky o ostrově jsou z roku 1864, zeměpisné souřadnice byly určeny americkou průzkumnou lodí v roce 1874 a poprvé na něm přistál Kiozaemon Saito v roce 1879. Japonsko oficiálně zabralo ostrov 19. července 1898.

Během druhé světové války zde bylo umístěno více než 4 000 japonských vojáků. Americké námořnictvo ostrov bombardovalo 4. března 1942, kdy jej napadly letouny z letadlové lodi Enterprise[1] a opět 31. srpna 1943 pomocí letounů z letadlových lodí Essex, Yorktown a Independence[2]. Nikdy se ho ale nepokusilo dobýt.

V současnosti je ostrov využíván pouze pro sledování počasí a je na něm umístěna radiová stanice.

Administrativně je ostrov součástí subprefektury Ogasawara spadající pod Tokio.

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Minami Torishima na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. ↑ The Raids on Wake and Marcus Islands [online]. Washington, D. C.: Office of Naval Intelligence, 1943-01-08, rev. 2002-08-16 [cit. 2007-11-24]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  2. ↑ DREW, Walter J. Strike on Marcus Island [online]. [cit. 2007-11-24]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2007-10-22. (anglicky) 

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