Kofer ha-jišuv

Kofer ha-jišuv (hebrejsky: כופר הישוב, doslova Daň jišuvu) byla daň, kterou na sebe uvalili koncem 30. let 20. století Židé v tehdejší mandátní Palestině.

Zavedení zvláštní daně bylo vyvoláno arabským povstáním v Palestině, které propuklo v letech 1936-1939. Kvůli povstání se v celé zemi zhoršila bezpečnostní situace a Židé se rozhodli využít dobrovolnou daň uvalenou na židovskou komunitu v Palestině pro financování urychleného rozvoje židovských vojenských jednotek Hagana. Daň byla zřízena v červenci 1938.[1] Na jejím zavedení se organizačně podílel zejména sionistický funkcionář a pozdější signatář Izraelské deklarace nezávislosti Aharon Cizling.[2] Dalším iniciátorem byl ekonomický expert odborové centrály Histadrut Hešel Frumkin.[3]

Kromě úzce definovaných vojenských investic byla využívána i na zřizování nových židovských osad v Palestině. Byla vybírána ještě v roce 1945 a zanikla až se vznikem státu Izrael roku 1948.[4] Část židovské populace v Palestině ovšem placení daně odmítala. Šlo zejména o okrajové skupiny antisionistických ultraortodoxních Židů z organizace Neturej Karta, která se právě během protestních akcí proti odvodu této daně zformovala pod současným názvem.[5]

Odkazy

Reference

  1. ↑ NAOR, Mordecai. The 20th Century in Eretz Israel. Kolín n.Rýnem: Könemann, 1998. Dostupné online. ISBN 3-89508-595-2. S. 204. (anglicky) Dále jen: The 20th Century in Eretz Israel. 
  2. ↑ The Signatories of the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel [online]. Jewish Virtual Library [cit. 2010-10-22]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  3. ↑ Hešel Frumkin [online]. Kneset [cit. 2011-04-15]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  4. ↑ The 20th Century in Eretz Israel. s. 244
  5. ↑ NETUREI KARTA [online]. Jewish Virtual Library [cit. 2010-10-22]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2010-06-21. (anglicky) 

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