Hafeleův–Keatingův experiment

Hafeleův-Keatingův experiment byl pokus o ověření teorie relativity. Provedli jej v říjnu 1971 Američané Joseph HafeleRichard Keating. Pokus spočíval v letu kolem světa po a proti směru otáčení Země. Výzkumníci cestovali běžnými linkovými lety s césiovými hodinami, jejichž údaj porovnali s údajem hodin United States Naval Observatory. Výsledek publikovali v roce 1972 v časopise Science[1].[2] Experiment byl zopakován u příležitosti 25. výročí jeho prvního provedení.

Rovnice

Jedny z césiových hodin HP 5061A použitých při Hafeleově-Keatingově experimentu.

Rovnice, které byly pro vysvětlení experimentu použity:

Celková dilatace času

Vliv rychlosti podle speciální teorie relativity

Vliv gravitace podle obecné teorie relativity

Sagnacův efekt

kde h = výška, v = rychlost, = zemská rotace τi = doby jednotlivých úseků letu.

Efekty jednotlivých částí letu byly počítány samostatně a sečteny, protože parametry letů byly různé.

Výsledky

posuv v nanosekundách
spočítáno naměřeno
gravitace
(obecná relativita)
rychlost
(speciální relativita)
celkem
východní směr 144±14 −184 ± 18 −40 ± 23 −59 ± 10
západní směr 179±18 96±10 275±21 273±7

Podle klasické (nerelativistické) fyziky by byl čas společný pro všechny uvažované soustavy, takže by všechny v tabulce uvedené hodnoty měly být nulové: 0 ns.

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Hafele-Keating experiment na anglické Wikipedii.

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