Čtyři modernizace

Čtyři modernizace (čínsky pchin-jinem sì gè xiàn dài huà, znaky 四个现代化) byl program reforem čínského hospodářství, zavedených Teng Siao-pchingem.

O „čtyřech modernizacích“, to jest modernizaci země ve čtyřech oblastech – moderním zemědělství, průmyslu, vědě a technice a národní obraně – mluvil Čou En-laj už na zasedáních nově zvoleného parlamentu (Všečínského shromáždění lidových zástupců) v prosinci 1964 a znovu v lednu 1975.[1] Po smrti Čou En-laje a Mao Ce-tunga získal ve druhé polovině roku 1978 kontrolu nad Komunistickou stranou Číny Teng Siao-pching. V prosinci 1978 Teng Siao-pching vyhlásil čtyři modernizace za cíl politiky KS Číny a formálně tak zahájil reformní proces.

V důsledku čtyř modernizací se měla Čínská lidová republika na počátku 21. století změnit v hospodářskou velmoc. Důležitou složkou čtyř modernizací byl důraz na hospodářskou soběstačnost. Otevřením domácího trhu měl být zvýšen objem zahraničních investic, provedena modernizace výrobní základny nákupem strojů z Japonska a ze Západu a získán přístup k moderním výrobním postupům.

Čou En-laj roku 1964 mluvil o potřebě moderního zemědělství, moderního průmyslu, moderní vědy a techniky a moderní národní obraně. Poté byly zmíněné čtyři oblasti modernizace vždy uváděny ve stejném pořadí až do roku 1981, kdy komunistická strana, státní úřady i média posunuly průmysl na první místo. Od té doby, opět důsledně a bez výjimek, mluví čínští představitelé o modernizaci průmyslu, zemědělství, vědy a techniky a národní obrany.[1]

Reference

  1. ↑ a b MILLER, Alice. Valedictory: Analyzing the Chinese Leadership in an Era of Sex, Money, and Power. China Leadership Monitor. Srpen 2018, čís. 57, s. 8–9. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 

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