Xeroftàlmia

Plantilla:Infotaula malaltiaXeroftàlmia
Tipusdegeneració conjuntival, síndrome de l'ull sec i malaltia Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Especialitatendocrinologia Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Classificació
CIM-10E50.7 i H04.12 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
CIM-9375.15 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
CIAPT91 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Recursos externs
Enciclopèdia Catalana0151687 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
DiseasesDB34035 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
MedlinePlus000426 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Patient UKdry-eyes Modifica el valor a Wikidata
MeSHD014985 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
UMLS CUIC0043349 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
DOIDDOID:10138 Modifica el valor a Wikidata

La xeroftàlmia és una malaltia dels ulls caracteritzada per sequedat persistent, rugositat i vermellor de la conjuntiva i opacitat de la còrnia.[1] El terme procedeix del grec ξηρός, xeros (sec)+οφθαλμός, ophthalmós (ull).[2]

És el nom genèric del símptoma, que pot ser degut, entre altres causes, a una disminució de la funció de les glàndules lacrimals; HI ha altres malalties més específiques que causen l'ull sec com per exemple la queratoconjuntivitis seca[3]

Causes

Múltiples causes poden generar la xeroftàlmia. És més freqüent en adults grans. A continuació s'enuncien algunes malalties que la provoquen.

Símptomes

Amb el transcurs de la malaltia ocorre un engrossiment de la còrnia i disminució de l'agudesa visual. Altres símptomas de la xeroftàlmia són coïssor, sensació de cos estrany, picor o pruïja, lleganyes i enrogiment conjuntival.

Diagnòstic

Per diagnosticar l'absència de lacrimació es realitza una prova de Schirmer, que consisteix a penjar una tira de paper assecant del parpella inferior i observar quanta longitud del paper es xopa de llàgrimes.

Tractament

El tractament ha de ser el de la malaltia de base que el causa. Els corticoides poden ser eficaços en la fase inicial. Quan es demostri deficiència de vitamina A s'administra en suplements vitamínics. La pilocarpina és un fàrmac que augmenta la producció lacrimal. Alguns preparats (llàgrimes artificials) per al tractament simptomàtoc consisteixen en solucions de hipromelosa i gels de carbòmer, que s'apliquen sobre la conjuntiva.

Vegeu també

Referències

  1. «Xeroftàlmia». Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana. Barcelona: Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
  2. Divry s New English-Greek and Greek-English Dictionary. D. C. Divry, Inc New York. 1983.
  3. Auguste Theodor Vidal de Cassis. Tractat de patologia externa i medicina operatòria. Llibreria de la Senyora vídua de Calleja i fills, 1843, p. 88 - [Consulta: 12 maig 2012]. 
  4. Miquel Tuson, «Pigments, grantoes i optogramas: una història sobre les bases moleculars de la visió», Omnis cellula, Institut d'Estudis Catalans, maig 2004, pàgines 49-50
  5. Maria Àngels Pallàs, «Resum dietoterapia i nutrició en el Sindrome de Sjögren - Presentació de la malaltia»[Enllaç no actiu], Associació Catalana del Sindrome de Sjögren Arxivat 2013-07-24 a Wayback Machine., [consulta 10 de setembre de 2013]

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