Prefectures del Japó
Les prefectures (都道府県 Todōfuken) són les 47 jurisdiccions territorials que conformen el Japó, com a divisions administratives de primer nivell. Són 43 prefectures rurals (県 ken), dues prefectures urbanes (府 fu, Osaka i Kyoto), un "circuit" o "província" (道 dō, Hokkaido) i una metròpoli, (都 to), Tòquio).[1][2]
Aquesta divisió va ser establerta pel govern Meiji el 1868[3] i va substituir els han amb administradors rurals i urbans en les parts del país que havia controlat directament el shogunat Tokugawa. Tot i que inicialment foren creades unes 300 prefectures, aquest nombre va anar disminuint fins a un total de 47 l'any 1888. La Llei del Govern Local del 1947 atorgà més poder polític a les prefectures i les proveí de la capacitat d'escollir governadors mitjançant eleccions locals.[4]
Cada prefectura se subdivideix en ciutats (市 shi), viles (町 chō), i districtes rurals (郡 gun). Algunes prefectures tenen, a més, delegacions (支庁 shichō) que duen a terme funcions administratives de la prefectura fora de la capital. A Hokkaido, aquestes delegacions s'anomenen subprefectures.
Llista de prefectures
Prefectura
|
Japonès
|
Capital
|
Regió
|
Illa
|
Població ¹
|
Àrea ²
|
Dens. 3
|
Distr.
|
Municip.
|
ISO 3166-2
|
Aichi |
愛知県
|
Nagoya |
Chubu |
Honshu |
7.043.235
|
5.153,81 |
1.366
|
15
|
88 |
JP-23
|
Akita |
秋田県
|
Akita |
Tohoku |
Honshu |
1.189.215
|
11.612,11 |
102
|
9
|
69 |
JP-05
|
Aomori |
青森県
|
Aomori |
Tohoku |
Honshu
|
1.475.635
|
9.606,26 |
154
|
8
|
67 |
JP-02
|
Chiba |
千葉県
|
Chiba |
Kanto |
Honshu |
5.926.349
|
5.156,15 |
1.149
|
9
|
80 |
JP-12
|
Ehime |
愛媛県
|
Matsuyama |
Shikoku |
Shikoku |
1.493.126
|
5.676,44 |
263
|
11
|
70 |
JP-38
|
Fukui |
福井県
|
Fukui |
Chubu |
Honshu |
828.960
|
4.188,76 |
198
|
10
|
35 |
JP-18
|
Fukuoka |
福岡県
|
Fukuoka |
Kyushu |
Kyushu |
5.015.666
|
4.971,01 |
1.009
|
17
|
97 |
JP-40
|
Fukushima
|
福島県 |
Fukushima
|
Tohoku |
Honshu |
2.126.998
|
13.782,54
|
154 |
15
|
90 |
JP-07
|
Gifu |
岐阜県
|
Gifu |
Chubu |
Honshu |
2.107.687
|
10.598,18 |
199
|
17
|
99 |
JP-21
|
Gunma |
群馬県
|
Maebashi |
Kanto |
Honshu |
2.024.820
|
6.363,16 |
318
|
12
|
70 |
JP-10
|
Hiroshima
|
広島県 |
Hiroshima
|
Chugoku |
Honshu |
2.878.949
|
8.476,95
|
340 |
15
|
86 |
JP-34
|
Hokkaido |
北海道
|
Sapporo |
Hokkaido |
Hokkaido |
5.682.950
|
83.452,47 |
68
|
66
|
212 |
JP-01
|
Hyogo |
兵庫県
|
Kobe |
Kinki |
Honshu |
5.550.742
|
8.392,42 |
661
|
19
|
88 |
JP-28
|
Ibaraki |
茨城県
|
Mito |
Kanto |
Honshu |
2.985.424
|
6.095,62 |
490
|
14
|
84 |
JP-08
|
Ishikawa |
石川県
|
Kanazawa |
Chubu |
Honshu |
1.180.935
|
4.185,32 |
282
|
8
|
41 |
JP-17
|
Iwate |
岩手県
|
Morioka |
Tohoku |
Honshu |
1.416.198
|
15.278,51 |
93
|
12
|
59 |
JP-03
|
Kagawa |
香川県
|
Takamatsu |
Shikoku |
Shikoku |
1.022.843
|
1.861,70 |
549
|
7
|
43 |
JP-37
|
Kagoshima
|
鹿児島県 |
Kagoshima
|
Kyushu |
Kyushu |
1.786.214
|
9.132,42
|
196 |
12
|
96 |
JP-46
|
Kanagawa |
神奈川県
|
Yokohama |
Kanto |
Honshu |
8.489.932
|
2.415,42 |
3.515
|
7
|
37 |
JP-14
|
Kōchi |
高知県
|
Kōchi |
Shikoku |
Shikoku
|
813.980
|
7.104,70 |
115
|
7
|
53 |
JP-39
|
Kumamoto |
熊本県
|
Kumamoto |
Kyushu |
Kyushu |
1.859.451
|
6.908,45 |
269
|
11
|
94 |
JP-43
|
Kyoto |
京都府
|
Kyoto |
Kinki |
Honshu |
2.644.331
|
4.612,93 |
573
|
12
|
44 |
JP-26
|
Mie |
三重県
|
Tsu |
Kinki |
Honshu |
1.857.365
|
5.760,72 |
322
|
14
|
69 |
JP-24
|
Miyagi |
宮城県
|
Sendai |
Tohoku |
Honshu |
2.365.204
|
6.861,51 |
325
|
15
|
71 |
JP-04
|
Miyazaki |
宮崎県
|
Miyazaki |
Kyushu |
Kyushu |
1.170.023
|
6.684,67 |
175
|
8
|
44 |
JP-45
|
Nagano |
長野県
|
Nagano |
Chubu |
Honshu |
2.214.409
|
12.598,48 |
163
|
16
|
120 |
JP-20
|
Nagasaki |
長崎県
|
Nagasaki |
Kyushu |
Kyushu |
1.516.536
|
4.092,80 |
371
|
9
|
79 |
JP-42
|
Nara |
奈良県
|
Nara |
Kinki |
Honshu |
1.442.862
|
3.691,09 |
391
|
8
|
47 |
JP-29
|
Niigata |
新潟県
|
Niigata |
Chubu |
Honshu |
2.475.724
|
12.582,37 |
197
|
16
|
111 |
JP-15
|
Oita |
大分県
|
Oita |
Kyushu |
Kyushu |
1.221.128
|
5.804,24 |
210
|
12
|
58 |
JP-44
|
Okayama |
岡山県
|
Okayama |
Chugoku |
Honshu |
1.950.656
|
7.008,63 |
278
|
18
|
78 |
JP-33
|
Okinawa |
沖縄県
|
Naha |
Kyushu |
Okinawa |
1.318.281
|
2.271,30 |
580
|
5
|
53 |
JP-47
|
Osaka |
大阪府
|
Osaka |
Kinki |
Honshu |
8.804.806
|
1.893,18 |
4.652
|
5
|
44 |
JP-27
|
Saga |
佐賀県
|
Saga |
Kyushu |
Kyushu |
876.664
|
2.439,23 |
359
|
8
|
49 |
JP-41
|
Saitama |
埼玉県
|
Saitama |
Kanto |
Honshu |
6.938.004
|
3.767,09 |
1.827
|
9
|
90 |
JP-11
|
Shiga |
滋賀県
|
Otsu |
Kinki |
Honshu |
1.342.811
|
4.017,36 |
334
|
11
|
50 |
JP-25
|
Shimane |
島根県
|
Matsue |
Chugoku |
Honshu |
761.499
|
6.707,32 |
114
|
12
|
59 |
JP-32
|
Shizuoka |
静岡県
|
Shizuoka |
Chubu |
Honshu |
3.767.427
|
7.328,61 |
484
|
12
|
74 |
JP-22
|
Tochigi |
栃木県
|
Utsunomiya |
Kanto |
Honshu |
2.004.787
|
6.408,28 |
313
|
7
|
49 |
JP-09
|
Tokushima
|
徳島県 |
Tokushima
|
Shikoku |
Shikoku |
823.997
|
4.145,26
|
199 |
10
|
50 |
JP-36
|
Tòquio |
東京都
|
Shinjuku |
Kanto |
Honshu |
12.059.237
|
2.187,08 |
5.514
|
1
|
39 |
JP-13
|
Tottori |
鳥取県
|
Tottori |
Chugoku |
Honshu |
613.229
|
3.507,19 |
175
|
6
|
39 |
JP-31
|
Toyama |
富山県
|
Toyama |
Chubu |
Honshu |
1.120.843
|
4.247,22 |
264
|
7
|
35 |
JP-16
|
Wakayama |
和歌山県
|
Wakayama |
Kinki |
Honshu |
1.069.839
|
4.725,55 |
226
|
7
|
50 |
JP-30
|
Yamagata |
山形県
|
Yamagata |
Tohoku |
Honshu |
1.244.040
|
9.323,34 |
133
|
9
|
44 |
JP-06
|
Yamaguchi
|
山口県 |
Yamaguchi
|
Chugoku |
Honshu |
1.528.107
|
6.110,76
|
250 |
11
|
56 |
JP-35
|
Yamanashi
|
山梨県 |
Kofu
|
Chubu |
Honshu |
888.170
|
4.465,37
|
199 |
8
|
64 |
JP-19
|
Referències
- ↑ Louis-Frédéric. «Provinces and prefectures». A: Japan Encyclopedia (en anglès). Harvard University Press, 2002, p. 780. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
- ↑ Braibanti, Ralph J. D. «Administration of Military Government in Japan at the Prefectural Level» (en anglès). American Political Science Review, 43, 2, 4-1949, pàg. 250–274. DOI: 10.2307/1950382. ISSN: 1537-5943.
- ↑ Mori, Kenji. «The development of the modern koseki». A: David Chapman, Karl Jakob Krogness (eds). Japan's Household Registration System and Citizenship. Routledge, 2014, p. 59-76. DOI 10.4324/9781315889757-4/development-modern-koseki-kenji-mori-karl-jakob-krogness. ISBN 978-1-315-88975-7.
- ↑ Yoshiaki, Yoshida. «Authority of the National and Local Governments under the Constitution | Office of Justice Programs». Law & Contemp. Probs, 1990. [Consulta: 9 juny 2024].
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