↑Fowler, H. W. 1940. Zoological results of the second Bolivian expedition for the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1936-1937. Part I.--The fishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 92: 43-103.
Géry, J. 1977. Characoids of the world. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Nova Jersey. 672 p.
Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The Diversity of Fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997. ISBN 1405124946.
Lima, F. C. T.; Malabarba, L. R.; Buckup, P. A.; Pezzi da Silva, J. F.; Vari, R. P.; Harold, A.; Benine, R.; Oyakawa, O. T.; Pavanelli, C. S.; Menezes, N. A.; Lucena, C. A. S.; Malabarba, M. C. S. L.; Lucena, Z. M. S.; Reis, R. E.; Langeani, F.; Cassati, L.; Bertaco, V. A. «Genera Incertae sedis in Characidae». A: Reis, R. E.; Kullander, S. O.; Ferraris Jr., C. J. Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America (en anglès). EDIPUCRS, 2003, p. 106–168. ISBN 9788574303611.
Lucena, C.A.S. i N.A. Menezes 2003. Subfamily Characinae (Characins, tetras). p. 200-208. A R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander i C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
Malabarba, L.R. 1998. Monophyly of the Cheirodontinae, characters and major clades (Ostariophysi: Characidae). p. 193-233. A L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Vari, Z.M.S. Lucena i C.A.S. Lucena (eds.) Phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS.
Malabarba, L.R. 2003. Subfamily Cheirodontinae (Characins, tetras). p. 215-221. A R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander i C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
Moyle, P.; Cech, J. Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology (en anglès). 4a edició. Prentice Hall, 2000. ISBN 9780130112828.