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↑Norman, J. R. 1929. The South American characid fishes of the subfamily Serrasalmoninae, with a revision of the genus Serrasalmus, Lacepède. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1928 (pt 4) (núm. 30): 781-829, Pl. 1.
↑Baensch, H.A. i R. Riehl 1985. Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle, Alemanya. 1216 p.
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