↑Cope, E. D. 1878. Synopsis of the fishes of the Peruvian Amazon, obtained by Professor Orton during his expeditions of 1873 and 1877. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. v. 17 (núm. 101): 673-701.
↑Eigenmann, C. H. & Kennedy, C. H. 1903. On a collection of fishes from Paraguay, with a synopsis of the American genera of cichlids. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55: 497-537.
Géry, J. 1977. Characoids of the world. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Nova Jersey. 672 p.
Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The Diversity of Fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997. ISBN 1405124946.
Jégu, M. 2003. Serrasalminae (Pacus and piranhas). p. 182-196. A R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander i C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
Jesus, C.F.G., T.J. Lister, C.K. Grisolia i A.J. Silva 1988. Estudos citogenéticos preliminares de Metynnis mola e Mylossoma orbigynanum (Pisces, Characidae) do Pantanal Mato-Grossense. p. 23. A II. Simp. Citogenet. Evol. e Aplic. de Peixes Neotropicais, San Carlos - SP.
Lima, F. C. T.; Malabarba, L. R.; Buckup, P. A.; Pezzi da Silva, J. F.; Vari, R. P.; Harold, A.; Benine, R.; Oyakawa, O. T.; Pavanelli, C. S.; Menezes, N. A.; Lucena, C. A. S.; Malabarba, M. C. S. L.; Lucena, Z. M. S.; Reis, R. E.; Langeani, F.; Cassati, L.; Bertaco, V. A. «Genera Incertae sedis in Characidae». A: Reis, R. E.; Kullander, S. O.; Ferraris Jr., C. J. Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America (en anglès). EDIPUCRS, 2003, p. 106–168. ISBN 9788574303611.
López, H.L., A.M. Miquelarena i J. Ponte Gómez 2005. Biodiversidad y distribución de la ictiofauna Mesopotámica. Miscelánea 14:311-354.
Malabarba, L.R. 1998. Monophyly of the Cheirodontinae, characters and major clades (Ostariophysi: Characidae). p. 193-233. A L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Vari, Z.M.S. Lucena i C.A.S. Lucena (eds.) Phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS.
Malabarba, L.R. 2003. Subfamily Cheirodontinae (Characins, tetras). p. 215-221. A R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander i C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
Mills, D. i G. Vevers 1989. The Tetra encyclopedia of freshwater tropical aquarium fishes. Tetra Press, Nova Jersey. 208 p.
Moyle, P.; Cech, J. Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology (en anglès). 4a edició. Prentice Hall, 2000. ISBN 9780130112828.
Zarske, A. i J. Géry 1999: Revision der neotropischen Gattung Metynnis Cope, 1878. 1. Evaluation der Typusexemplare der nominellen Arten (Teleostei: Characiformes: Serrasalmidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen; Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden v. 50 (núm. 13): 170-216.