Jerry Garcia

Plantilla:Infotaula personaJerry Garcia
Imatge
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Biografia
Naixement(en) Jerome John Garcia Modifica el valor a Wikidata
1r agost 1942 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
San Francisco (Califòrnia) Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Mort9 agost 1995 Modifica el valor a Wikidata (53 anys)
Lagunitas-Forest Knolls (Califòrnia) Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Causa de mortinfart de miocardi
diabetis mellitus Modifica el valor a Wikidata
FormacióSan Francisco Art Institute
Analy High School (en) Tradueix
Balboa High School (en) Tradueix Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Activitat
Ocupacióguitarrista, cantautor, artista d'estudi, compositor, cantant, intèrpret de banjo, director de cinema Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Activitat1960 Modifica el valor a Wikidata - 1995 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Membre de
GènereFolk rock, bluegrass, rock progressiu, rock psicodèlic, blues rock i rhythm and blues Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Carrera militar
Branca militarExèrcit dels Estats Units d'Amèrica Modifica el valor a Wikidata
InstrumentBanjo, guitarra, pedal steel guitar (en) Tradueix i veu Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Segell discogràficRhino Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Família
CònjugeCarolyn Garcia (1981–1994) Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Premis

Lloc webjerrygarcia.com Modifica el valor a Wikidata
IMDB: nm0305263 IBDB: 89976 TMDB.org: 1442
Spotify: 3QDaXfnxfQqqJQK5lSdjLN Apple Music: 931545 Musicbrainz: 1ecff755-607d-4130-9a8a-8873f27e5de5 Songkick: 474155 Discogs: 259913 Allmusic: mn0000328288 Find a Grave: 380 Deezer: 144331 Modifica el valor a Wikidata

Jerome John Garcia (1 d'agost de 1942 – 9 d'agost de 1995)[1][2][3][4] fou un músic estatunidenc conegut sobretot per ser el compositor principal, guitarra solista i vocalista del grup de rock Grateful Dead, del qual n'era cofundador i que es va donar a conèixer durant la contracultura de la dècada de 1960.[5][6] Encara que rebutjava aquest rol, molta gent considerava Garcia el líder del grup.[7][8][9] Va entrar al Rock and Roll Hall of Fame el 1994 com a membre dels Grateful Dead.

Com a fundador, Garcia va actuar amb els Grateful Dead durant tota la carrera de 30 anys del grup (1965–1995). Garcia també va fundar i participar en una colla de projectes paral·lels, com la Saunders–Garcia Band (amb el seu vell amic Merl Saunders), la Jerry Garcia Band, Old & In the Way, i els duos acústics Garcia/Grisman i Garcia/Kahn, Legion of Mary, i New Riders of the Purple Sage (que havia fundat juntament amb John Dawson i David Nelson).[8] També va publicar alguns àlbums en solitari i va contribuir en diferents àlbums d'altres artistes com a músic de sessió. Era conegut pel seu estil personal tocant la guitarra i va quedar classificat en 13ena posició a la llista que va fer Rolling Stone dels 100 guitarristes més grans de tots els temps el 2003.[10] En la llista de 2011 va queda en la posició 46.[11]

Garcia era reconegut per la seva destresa musical i tècnica, sobretot per la seva capacitat de tocar diferents instruments i mantenir improvisacions llargues. Garcia creia que la improvisació li reduïa l'stress en el moment de tocar i li permetia de prendre decisions al moment que no hauria fet de manera intencionada. En una entrevista amb Rolling Stone l'any 1993, Garcia explicava que "les meves preferències són a favor de la improvisació, inventant-m'ho mentre vaig fent. L'idea de seleccionar, d'eliminar possibilitats i decidir, això se'm fa difícil". Aquestes improvisacions, que provenien de l'època dels "acid tests", eren una forma d'exploració més aviat que tocar una cançó que ja estava escrita.[12]

Cap al final de la seva vida, Garcia va lluitar contra la diabetis. El 1986, va entrar en un coma diabètic que gairebé el va matar. Encara que el seu estat de salut va millorar d'alguna manera després de l'incident, va continuar tenint problemes amb l'obesitat, el tabaquisme i les addiccions a l'heroïna i la cocaïna.[9][13] Estava en una clínica de desintoxicació de Califòrnia quan va morir d'un atac de cor el 9 d'agost de 1995 als 53 anys.[7][14]

Referències

  1. Keefer, Bob «Death of an icon». Eugene Register-Guard [(Oregon)], 10-08-1995, p. 1A.
  2. wire reports «Grateful Dead guitarist Jerry Garcia dies at 53». Spokesman-Review. wire reports [(Spokane, Washington)], 10-08-1995, p. A1.
  3. Locke, Michelle «His long strange trip comes to a close». Lewiston Morning Tribune. Associated Press [(Idaho)], 10-08-1995, p. 1A.
  4. Jon Pareles «Jerry Garcia of Grateful Dead, Icon of 60's Spirit, Dies at 53». The New York Times, 10-08-1995, p. A1.
  5. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica 2019: "Jerome John Garcia, ("JERRY"), U.S. musician (born Aug. 1, 1942, San Francisco, Calif.—died Aug. 9, 1995, Forest Knolls, Calif.), personified the hippie counterculture for three decades as the mellow leader of the rock band the Grateful Dead. Garcia was the singer, songwriter, and lead guitarist of the San Francisco-based group that emerged from the Haight-Ashbury psychedelic-drug-and-music scene in the mid-1960s."
  6. Ruhlmann n.d.e: "Guitarist, singer, and songwriter Jerry Garcia was best known as a founding member of the Grateful Dead, the rock band for which he served as de facto leader for 30 years, from 1965 until his death in 1995. [...] In addition to his musical efforts, Garcia was viewed as an icon and spokesman for the hippie movement of the 1960s, the counterculture fueled by psychedelic drugs and rock & roll that the Grateful Dead embodied for their fervent fans, the Deadheads, as well as to the public at large."
  7. 7,0 7,1 The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica 2019
  8. 8,0 8,1 Ruhlmann n.d.e
  9. 9,0 9,1 «The Grateful Dead». Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductees. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., 1994. [Consulta: 25 abril 2007].
  10. «The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time». Rolling Stone. 2003. Arxivat de l'original el 2007-07-05. 
  11. «100 Greatest Guitarists». Rolling Stone. 2015-12-18. 
  12. DeCurtis, Anthony (1993-09-02). «Jerry Garcia: The Rolling Stone Interview». Rolling Stone (en en-US). 
  13. Stratton 2010
  14. Stratton 2010: "JERRY Garcia, white-bearded leader of the 1960s cult rock band the Grateful Dead, died yesterday in a drug rehabilitation centre. The 53-year-old erstwhile hippie who founded the band 30 years ago was discovered dead by a counsellor at Serenity Knowles, a residential drug treatment centre near his home in Marin County, California."

Bibliografia

  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. «Jerome John Garcia», 2019. Arxivat de l'original el 2020-06-30. [Consulta: 28 octubre 2022].
  • Ruhlmann, William. «Jerry Garcia». Netaktion LLC, n.d.e. [Consulta: 7 maig 2020].
  • Stratton, Jerry. «News Accounts First». Negative Space, 02-05-2010. [Consulta: 26 abril 2020].

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