↑Eigenmann C. H. 1912. The freshwater fishes of British Guiana, including a study of the ecological grouping of species, and the relation of the fauna of the plateau to that of the lowlands. Memories of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (núm. 1). i-xxii + 1-578.
Bockmann, F.A. i G.M. Guazzelli 2003. Heptapteridae (Heptapterids). p. 406-431. A R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander i C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
Burgess, W. E. An atlas of freshwater and marine catfishes. A preliminary survey of the Siluriformes (en anglès). T.F.H. Publications, Inc., 1989. ISBN 9780866228916.
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