↑Cox, G. i M. Francis, 1997. Sharks and rays of New Zealand. Canterbury Univ. Press, Univ. of Canterbury. 68 p.
↑Breder, C. M.; Rosen, D. E. Modes of Reproduction in Fishes (en anglès). Museu Americà d'Història Natural, 1966.
Bibliografia
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. A W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland, Estats Units.
McEachran, J.D. i K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia (2):271-290.
Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.