Atenció plena

L'atenció plena (mindfulness), és "l'enfocament sense prejudicis de l'atenció d'un mateix en les pròpies emocions, pensaments i sensacions que es produeixen en el moment present",[1] que pot ser entrenada per les pràctiques de meditació[1] derivades de l'anapanasati budista.[2] Jon Kabat-Zinn les ha popularitzat a Occident amb el seu programa de Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR, o Reducció de l'estrès basat en l'atenció plena).[3]

Aplicacions

La psicologia clínica i la psiquiatria des de la dècada de 1970 han desenvolupat una sèrie d'aplicacions terapèutiques basades en l'atenció plena per ajudar les persones que estan passant per una varietat de situacions psicològiques,[4] en particular per a la reducció de l'ansietat i la depressió.[5] Els estudis clínics han documentat els beneficis per a la salut física i mental de l'atenció en general, i de la MBSR particular. Els programes basats en la MBSR i models similars han estat àmpliament adaptats a les escoles, presons, hospitals, centres de veterans, i altres ambients.[6]

Si bé es considera provat que la teràpia mindfulness té una efectivitat major que la mera exposició a psicoeducació, relaxació, i imaginació, la seva eficàcia és similar a la teràpia cognitiu-conductual.[7]

Referències

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Zgierska, Aleksandra; David Rabago, Neharika Chawla, Kenneth Kushner, Robert Koehler, Alan Marlatt «Mindfulness Meditation for Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review». Substance Abuse, 30, 4, 27-10-2009, pàg. 266–294. DOI: 10.1080/08897070903250019. ISSN: 0889-7077. PMID: 19904664 [Consulta: 11 novembre 2014].
  2. ↑ Wilson, 2014.
  3. ↑ «History of MBSR». University of Massachusetts Medical School. [Consulta: 11 novembre 2014].
  4. ↑ Grossman, Paul; Ludger Niemann, Stefan Schmidt, Harald Walach «Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits. A meta-analysis». Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 1, 7-2004, pàg. 35–43. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00573-7. ISSN: 0022-3999. PMID: 15256293.
  5. ↑ Segal, Z.V., Williams, J.M. y Teasdale, J.D. (2006). Terapia cognitiva de la depresión basada en la consciencia plena. Un nuevo abordaje para la prevención de recaídas. Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer. ISBN 9788433021038
  6. ↑ Creswell J.D. «Mindfulness Interventions». Annual Review of Psychology, 68, 2017, pàg. 491–516. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-042716-051139.
  7. ↑ Khoury, B.; Lecomte, T.; Fortin, G., et al. (August 2013). "Mindfulness-based therapy: a comprehensive meta-analysis". Clin Psychol Rev (Meta-analysis) 33 (6): 763-71. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.005. PMID: 23796855

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