7,62 × 39 mm

7.62×39mm
Lateral view of a steel-cased 7.62×39mm FMJ cartridge.
Lloc d'origenSoviet Union
Història del servei
En servei1944–present
Usat perSoviet Union, former Warsaw Pact, People's Republic of China, Egypt, Cambodia, North Korea, Vietnam, Finland, Veneçuela, many others
Història de la fabricació
Dìssenyat1944
Fabricat1944–present
Especificacions
Tipus beina Rimless, bottleneck
Diàmetre bala7.92
Diàmetre coll8.60
Diàmetre ressalt10.07
Diàmetre base11.35
Diàmetre pestanya11.35
Gruix pestanya1.50
Longitud beina38.70
Longitud total56.00
Capacitat beina2.31
Pas estriat240 mm (1 in 9.45 in)
Tipus  càpsula iniciadoraBoxer Large Rifle (brass)
Berdan (steel case)
Pressió màxima (C.I.P.)355.0
CàrregaSSNF 50 powder
Pes càrrega1.605 – 1.63 gm
Vista lateral d'un cartutx 7,62 × 39 mm amb beina d'acer

El 7,62 × 39 mm és un cartutx per a fusells de la Unió Soviètica dissenyat a finals de la Segona Guerra Mundial.

Història

El 15 de juliol de 1943 el Comissariat el Poble per les Armes de l'URSS va decidir que calia dissenyar un nou cartutx mitjà que seria utilitzat per la infanteria soviètica. La decisió es va veure motivada després de tenir accés a l'innovador fusell d'assalt alemany Sturmgewehr 44 i als fulles M1 Garand nord-americans.[1] Els estrategs soviètics també van decidir que aquesta nova munició s'empraria en un ampli rang d'armes lleugeres: fusells, metralladores i fusells d'assalt.

La tasca de disseny fou assignada a un comitè tècnic liderat per N.M. Elizarov (Н.М. Елизаров) i assistit per P.V. Ryazanov (П.В. Рязанов), B.V. Semin (Б.В. Семин) i I.T. Melnikov (И.Т. Мельников). Aquest alhora van col·laborar amb dissenyadors d'armes de renom com Fedorov, Tokarev, Simonov and Shpagin. Fins a 314 dissenys teòrics de cartutxos foren proposats, dels quals se'n va seleccionar 8 models com a prototips. Aquest foren examinats en tests de camp fins a seleccionar el model definitiu.[1] El nou cartutx es va començar a produir en massa a partir del març de 1944.[1][2] Seguint la decisió d'implementar aquest cartutx en múltiples armes l'any 1944 s'inicià una competició intensa entre diversos nous dissenys d'armes que en feien ús.[3] Un dels models que sorgí poc després de la guerra fou el fusell d'assalt AK-47 àmpliament difós i conegut.

Mides de cartutx

El cartutx 7,62 × 39 mm conté 2,31 ml (35,6 grans) de propel·lent.

Mides màximes de cartutx de 7,62 × 39 mm segons la C.I.P.

Mides màximes de cartutx de 7,62 × 39 mm segons la C.I.P.. Totes les mesures són en mm).[4]

El ratllat comú és de 4 solcs, amb un diàmetre intern de 7.62 mm i un dels solcs de 7.92 mm. El ratio de gir (distància que realitza el cartutx dins del canó ratllat per a realitzar una revolució completa) és de 240 mm. Per altra banda el pistó és de percussió del tipus petit per a fusell. Segons les especificacions oficials una beina d'aquest cartutx pot suportar fins a 355 MPa (51,488 psi) de pressió.

Referències

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 Monetchikov, Sergei. История русского автомата (en russian). St. Petersburg: Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps, 2005, p. 24-25. ISBN 5-98655-006-4. 
  2. C. J. Chivers. The Gun. Simon & Schuster, 2010, p. 166-167. ISBN 978-1-4391-9653-3. 
  3. Monetchikov, Sergei. История русского автомата (en russian). St. Petersburg: Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps, 2005, p. 24-25. ISBN 5-98655-006-4. 
  4. C.I.P. decisions, texts and tables free current C.I.P. CD-ROM version download (ZIP and RAR format)

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