Somalci

Somalci
Ukupna populacija
28–30 miliona
Značajno stanovništvo u
Somalija15 miliona
Etiopija8,5 miliona
Kenija2,4 - 3 miliona
Džibuti534.000
Jemen400.000–1.133.000
SAD145.812
UK98.000–250.000
UAE90.900
Oman80.000
Švedska66.369–95.000
Kanada62.550
Tanzanija60.000
Norveška43.196
Uganda41.515
JAR40.000
Holandija39.737
Njemačka38.675
Saudijska Arabija34.000–67.500
Egipat22.709
Danska21.210
Jezik
somalski
Vjera
sunitski muslimani
Vezane etničke grupe
Kušiti

Somalci ili Somalijci su pripadnici kušitskog naroda koji naseljava uglavnom područje Afričkog roga.[1] Ogromna većina Somalaca govori somalski jezik, koji je dio kušitske grane afroazijske (nekadašnje Hamitsko-semitske) porodice jezika.[2] U religijskom pogledu Somalci su uglavnom sunitski muslimani.[3] Etničkih Somalaca ima oko 28 do 30 miliona i uglavnom su koncentrisani u Somaliji (oko 15 miliona),[4] Etiopiji (8,5 miliona), Keniji (2,4–3 miliona) i Džibutiju (534.000).[5]

Somalska dijaspora je također brojna i nalazi se na području Bliskog istoka, Sjeverne Amerike, Zapadne Evrope, regije Afričkih velikih jezera, Južne Afrike i Okeanije.

Etimologija

Knjige pisane na somalskom jeziku

Dir, najstariji zajednički predak nekoliko somalskih klanova, generalno se smatra izvorom etnonima Somalaca. Naziv Somalac je izvedeno iz riječi soo i maal, što spojeno znači ići i mlijeko što je referenca na sveprisutno pastirstvo somalskog naroda.[6] Druga vjerodostojna etimologija predlaže da je termin Somalac izveden iz arapskog jezika za bogati što opet upučuje na somalijsko bogatstvo u stočnom fondu.[7]

Jezik

Somalski jezik je dio kušitskog ogranka afroazijske porodice jezika. Najbliži srodni mu jezici su afarski i saho jezik. Somalski je najbolje standardizovan jezik iz kušitskog ogranka jezika sa akademskim studijama koje datiraju još od 1900. godine.

Tačan broj govornika somalskog nije poznat. Jedan izvor procjenjuje da u samoj Somaliji ima 7,78 miliona govornika i 12,65 miliona govornika na globalnom nivou. Somalskim jezikom govore etnički Somalci u Velikoj Somaliji i somalijskoj dijaspori.

Somalski jezik je službeni jezik ne samo u Somaliju već i u Džibutiju i Somalilandu a kao jezik manjine priznat je i u Etiopiji i Keniji.

Kultura

Kultura Somalaca je spoj tradicija razvijenih nezavisno i kroz interakciju sa susjednim i udaljenim narodima i civilizacijama. Najveći uticaj na kulturu Somalaca ostvarili su narodi sjeveroistočne Afrike, Arapskog poluostrva, Indije i jugoistočne Azije.

Izrada tekstilnih proizvoda u Somaliji je nastavak drevne tekstilne industrije, kao i kultura rezbarenja drveta, keramike i monumentalne arhitekture koja dominira somalijskim interijerima i pejzažima. Somalska tradicija u pomorstvu tokom historije uticala je na različite oblasti društvenog života Somalaca. Primjera radi, somalska kuhinja sadrži uticaje kuhinje jugoistočne Azije. Zbog strastvene ljubavi prema somalskom narodu i njegove poezije, Somalce su učenjaci često nazivali nacijom pjesnika i nacijom bardova, uključujući, između ostalog, kanadsku književnicu Margaret Laurence.

Reference

  1. ^ "Somalia". World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 14. 5. 2009. Arhivirano s originala, 1. 7. 2016. Pristupljeno 9. 7. 2019.
  2. ^ "Somali-people". Britannica.
  3. ^ Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, Culture and Customs of Somalia, (Greenwood Press: 2001), p.1
  4. ^ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations".
  5. ^ [1] – Ethnologue.com
  6. ^ I. M. Lewis, A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa, (Oxford University Press : 1963), p.12.
  7. ^ Lewis, I. M.; Said Samatar (1999). A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa. LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster. str. 11–13. ISBN 978-3-8258-3084-7.

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