Referendum o članstvu Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva u Evropskoj uniji

Rezultati. Legenda:
  Ostati članica EU
  Napustiti EU

Referendum o članstvu Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva u Evropskoj uniji, poznatiji kao EU referendum, održao se 23. juna 2016.[1][2] Članstvo Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva u Evropskoj uniji otvoreno je pitanje još od pridruživanja Evropskoj ekonomskoj zajednici 1973.

U skladu s prijedlogom Konzervativne partije, legalni osnov uspostavljen je u Parlamentu kroz Zakon o Referendumu o Evropskoj uniji 2015. Ovo je drugi referendum o članstvu u Evropskoj uniji; prvi je održan 1973. i za rezultat je imao 67% glasača koji su za članstvo u EU.[3]

Referendumsko pitanje glasi:

Da li bi Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo trebalo ostati članica EU ili napustiti EU?

Argumenti

Zagovornici povlačenja iz EU nazivaju se "Brexit" (Br = Britanija, exit = izlaz)[4][a] – zastupaju tvrdnju da je EU u demokratskom deficitu i da članstvo u Uniji lišava države suvereniteta, dok oni koji su za ostanak kao argument navode da postoji mnogo sličnih organizacija i da korist od Evropske unije nadilazi nedostatke, poput gubitka suvereniteta.

Zagovornici izlaska također kao argument navode bolju kontrolu imigracije, te time smanjenje pritiska na društvo i industriju, i uštedu novca, dok oni koji žele ostati smatraju da bi to smanjilo utjecaj Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva u svijetu, te da bi došlo do pada u trgovini s EU i smanjenja broja radnih mjesta i investicija.[6] U štampi se pojavljuju pojmovi tzv. "mekog" Brexita ili Brexit-Deal (sa dogovorom o između EZ i UK) i "tvrdog Brexita" (bez dogovora).

Historija Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva u Evropskoj uniji

Evropska ekonomska zajednica formirana je 1957.[7] Prvi pokušaj da se Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo pridruži dešava se 1961, ali je Francuska uložila veto.[7] Sljedeća prijava bila je uspješna 1973, a dvije godine kasnije održan je referendum, koji je sa 67% glasova ostavio UK u EU.[7][8]

Premijer Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva, David Cameron, obećao je pregovore s EU i kasniji referendum.

Nakon izbora za Evropski parlament 2014. Partija za nezavisnost UK imala je većinu glasova ostavivši konzervativce na 3. mjestu.[9]

U januaru 2013. britanski premijer David Cameron obećao je pregovore i referendum u slučaju pobjede Konzervativne partije.[10]

Zakon o referendumu usvojen je u drugom čitanju 5. jula 2013. s 304 glasa "za".[11] Na parlamentarenim izborima 2015. pobejđuje David Cameron koje je, kako je i obećao 2013, sproveo referendum. Prilikom toga je Cameron dao svojim ministrima slobodan izbor da li se mogu javno izjasniti za ili protiv Brexita. 23-24. juna 2016. održava se referendum gdje je 52% glasalo za izlazak iz EZ odnosno za Brexit. 13. jula 2016 dolazi na vlast premijerka Theresa May, koja slovi kao protivnik Brexita, dok je Boris Johnson koji je zagovarač Brexita ministar vanjskih poslova. 29. marta 2017 Vlada UK podnosi zahtjev prema Članu 50 Ustava evropske zajednice za napuštanje EZ. Time počinje rok istupa koji ističe 29. marta 2019. 18. januara 2018 Donji dom u Parlamentu UK usvaja Zakon o Brexitu. Michaerl Barnier, posrednik koji zastupa EZ tokom Brexita, prilaže 28. februara 2018 prvi nacrt za Brexit. Boris Johnson podnosi 6. jula 2018 ostavku nakon što je premijerka May predstavila plan za Deal-Brexit (Brexit s dogovorom). Evropska komisija je 13. novembra 2018 objavila plan u slučaju tvrdog Brexita ili No-Deal-Brexit (bez dogovora). Isti dan Britanska vlada usvaja zajedno s Evropskom komisijom nacrt mekanog Brexita. Isti nacrt će 15. januara 2019 biti odbijen od strane britanskog parlamenta. Dorađeni sporazum odbija 12. marta 2019 Britanski parlament sa 391 glasa od ukupno 633. Budući da je rok 29. marta 2019 istekao članice Evropske zajednice se usaglašavaju sa Vladom UK prelazno rješenje gdje UK zadržava sva prava kao članica EZ do 31. decembra 2020. Evropska komisija postavlja Ujedinjenom kraljevstvu ultimatum za Brexit do 31. oktobra 2019. Theresa May najavljuje ostavku na mjesto šefa Konzervativne partije. Boris Johnson postaje 24. jula 2019 premijer UK, dok je 23. jula postao šef Konzervativne partije. 31. oktobra, istog dana je i praznik Noć vještica (Halloween) ističe ultimatum Evropske komisije, gdje se očekuje da će doći do tvrdog Brexita.[12]

Tekst referenduma

Referendumski listić

Napomene

  1. ^ Izgleda da su nazivi Brexit i Brixit prvi put skovani u junu 2012; Brixit je prvi put upotrijebio kolumnist The Economista, dok je Brexit prvi put upotrijebila britanska nacionalistička grupa. Nazivi vjerovatno potječu od riječi Grexit, skraćenice za povlačenje Grčke iz eurozone. Naziv Brexit prvi je put postao široko korištena pomodna riječ 2013.[5]

Reference

  1. ^ "European Union Referendum Act 2015". legislation.gov.uk. Pristupljeno 14. 5. 2016.
  2. ^ Rowena Mason; Nicholas Watt; Ian Traynor; Jennifer Rankin (20. 2. 2016). "EU referendum to take place on 23 June, David Cameron confirms". The Guardian. Pristupljeno 2. 2. 2016.
  3. ^ Adrian Williamson. "The Case for Brexit: Lessons from the 1960s and 1970s". History and Policy (2015).
  4. ^ Fraser, Douglas (10. 8. 2012). "The Great British Brexit". BBC. Pristupljeno 24. 11. 2012.
  5. ^ "BuzzWord: Brexit also Brixit". Macmillan Dictionary. 12. 2. 2013.
  6. ^ "MPs will vote for UK to remain in the EU". 23. 2. 2016. Arhivirano s originala, 23. 9. 2016. Pristupljeno 11. 3. 2016.
  7. ^ a b c Sam Wilson (1. 4. 2014). "Britain and the EU: A long and rocky relationship". BBC. Pristupljeno 2. 6. 2016.
  8. ^ "Treaty of Maastricht on European Union". EUR-Lex. Pristupljeno 2. 6. 2016.
  9. ^ Parker, George; Stacey, Kiran (26. 5. 2014). "Ukip and Front National lead populist earthquake". Financial Times. Pristupljeno 22. 6. 2016.
  10. ^ "European Union (Referendum) Bill (HC Bill 11)". Britanski parlament. Pristupljeno 3. 1. 2014.
  11. ^ Rigby, Elizabeth; Pickard, Jim (31. 1. 2014). "EU referendum bill blocked in Lords". Financial Times. Pristupljeno 5. 7. 2014.
  12. ^ "Die Geschichte des Brexit - von David Cameron bis Boris Johnson". finanzen.net. 2. 8. 2019. Pristupljeno 2. 8. 2019.

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