Pamuk

Pamuk
Gossypium barbadense
Gossypium barbadense
Sistematika
CarstvoPlantae
DivizijaMagnoliophyta
RazredMagnoliopsida
RedMalvales
PorodicaMalvaceae
RodGossypium

Pamuk je jednogodišnja biljka iz familije Malvacea. Sjeme sadrži 27% ulja. Obradom se dobijaju važna tekstilna vlakna.

Pamuk se najčešće koristi za proizvodnju pamučnih platna od kojih se potom prave sve vrste odjevnih predmeta naročito donji veš.

Iako je tropska i suptropska kultura, koja zahtjeva mnogo toplote i sunca i umjerenu i ravnomjernu vlažnost, pamuk se gaji po većem dijelu svijeta. Pripada familiji biljaka Malvaceae. Ima dobro razvijen vretenast korijen, urezano lišće, žućkaste cvjetove. U čahurama se nalazi sjeme koje je obraslo vlaknom. Sjeme sadrži više do 25% ulja, te se poslije izdvajanja vlakna iz njega cijedi dobro jestivo ulje.

Sjeme pamuka je obraslo vlaknima prosječne dužine oko 30 mm; odvajanjem sjemena (tj. egreniranjem) i raznim postupcima prečišćavanja dobija se važna tekstilna sirovina (među najviše korišćenim artiklom u svijetu, pored uglja i čelika u svjetskoj trgovini). Najveći proizvođači ove biljke su: SAD, Rusija, Indija, Egipat itd.

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