Humačka ploča

Humačka ploča u muzeju Humac

Humačka ploča je staroslavenski epigraf u obliku kamene ploče, ispisan bosanskom ćirilicom,[1][2] i uklesan u kamenu ploču. Smatra se da je nastao između 10. i 12. stoljeća, što ga čini najstarijim sačuvanim bosanskim tekstom,[1] starijim čak i od povelje bana Kulina.

To je najstariji ćirilični epigraf pronađen u Bosni i Hercegovini,[3] i pronađen je u selu Humac kod Ljubuškog.[2] Ploča nikada nije bila precizno datirana. Arheolog Marko Vego ploču datira na kraj 10. ili početak 11. stoljeća,[4] isto datiranje je predložio lingvista Jovan Deretić,[5] dok ju je historičar Dimitrije Bogdanović datirao na početak 12. stoljeća.[6] Tekst ploče govori o činu podizanja crkve Krsmira (također preveden Uskrsimir ili Krešimir) i njegove supruge Pavice, koja je posvećena Arhanđelu Mihailu. Ploča je četvorougaonog oblika, 68x60x15 cm, a natpis je uklesan u obliku četvorougla ćiriličnim pismom među kojima se može identifikovati pet glagoljskih slova. Prvi je to primijetio jedan francuski diplomata u Bosanskom vilajetu.[7] Ploča se danas čuva u mjesnom muzeju Franjevačkog samostana u istom selu gdje je i pronađena, odnosno Humcu.[8]

Humačka ploča pisana je staroslavenskim i ranim oblikom bosančice, a sadrži i pet glagoljskih slova. Također spada među najstarije jugoslavenske natpise sa prostora Bosne i Hercegovine. Sačinjen je od miljevine, dimenzija 65x60x15 cm. Natpis ima tri reda postavljena spiralno u četverougaonu formu.

Natpis na Humačkoj ploči

Prepis latiničnim slovima:

U ime otca i sina i svetago duha. A se crki arhanđela Mihajla, a zida ju K'rsmir' sin Bret', Župi ?run' i ženi jega Pavica.

Natpis nije moguće sa sigurnošću u potpunosti protumačiti zbog toga što su određena slova slabo ili nikako vidljiva uslijed raspada kamena. Postoje i različita tumačenja imena. Natpis na Humačkoj ploči govori o crkve arhanđela Mihajla koju gradi određeni K'rsmir' (skračeno od Uskrsmir ili po drugom tumačenju Kresimir) sa ženom imena Pavica (Pravica ili Pribica). Ime Bret (možda i Sret) je skračeno od Brentislav ili Brečislav (odnosno Sretislav, Sretimir, Sreten, Sretko ako se ime protumači kao Sret). Najviše problema predstavlja ime tadašnje župe koje je Marko Vego protumačio 1956. godine kao Urun (Urumovača).

Tumačenje po Marku Vegi:

U ime oca i sina i svetoga duha. Ovo je crkva arhanđela Mihajla, a zida je Uskrsmir sin Bretov, u župi Urun i ženi njegovoj Pavica.

Reference

  1. ^ a b Deretić, Jovan (1983). Историја српске књижевности. str. 53, Нолит.
  2. ^ a b Bogićević, Vojislav (1975). Pismenost u Bosni i Hercegovini: od Pojave slovenske pismenosti u IX v. do kraja austrougarske vladavine u Bosni i Hercegovini 1918. godine. Veselin Masleša.
  3. ^ Vego, Marko (1956). "Humačka ploča". Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja. Sarajevo. 11: 41–61.
  4. ^ Naučni sastanak slavista u Vukove dane (1989). Referati i saopštenja. Vol. 19. str. 33.
  5. ^ Deretić, Jovan (2001). Kratka istorija srpske književnosti., str. 13, Svetovi.
  6. ^ Dimitrije Bogdanović (1997). Studije iz srpske srednjovekovne književnosti. Srpska književna zadruga. str. 131
  7. ^ Balcanica. Balkanološki institut. 1971. str. 380.
  8. ^ Vego, Marko (1962). "Humac". Zbornik srednjovjekovnih natpisa Bosne i Hercegovine. Vol. 1. Sarajevo: Zemaljski muzej. str. 31.


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