Baton

Baton (Bato I) je bio vođa ilirskog plemena Dezitijati (Daesitiates). Vodio je veliku pobunu protiv Rimske Imperije u periodu od 6.-9. godine n. e.

Opis

Rođen je vjerovatno između 35. i 30. godine p. n. e. na području "gornje" Bosne. Pripadao je Dezitijatima koji su naseljavali područja današnje centralne Bosne i Hercegovine.[1] Od 33. godine p. n. e. Dezitijati su bili pod Rimskom vlašću sa statusom polu-nezavisnog civitas peregrini (naziv za slobodno stanovništvo koje je imalo određenu administrativnu i teritorijalnu autonomiju ali bez statusa građana Rima). U dato vrijeme navedene teritorije su bile dio rimske provincije Ilirikum čije je sjedište bilo u Saloni, na obali Jadranskog mora. Smatra se da je Batonova porodica bila uticajna a da je on kao odrastao muškarac bio politički i vojni zvaničnik Dezitijata (princeps).

Revolt

Za vrijeme Batonovog ustanka nekoliko ilirskih plemena iz Panonije i Dalmacije pobunili su se protiv rimske vlasti zbog visokih poreza i prisilne regrutacije. Naime, Rimljani su planirali napasti germansko pleme Markomani te je s tim ciljem na umu Cezar Augustus naredio mobilizaciju među Ilirima. U proljeće 6. godine n. e. Dezitijatima iz centralne Bosne s Batonom na čelu uskoro su se pridružili Breuci čije se vođa također zvao Baton. U jesen iste godine, dva Batona su skupa vodili ujedinjenu armiju pobunjenika. Veoma brzo, rimske trgovačke rute su bile prekinute a vojne jedinice uništene. Za samo nekoliko sedmica cijela teritorija na kojoj je današnja Bosna bila je izgubljena za Rim. Umjesto daljih osvajanja Rim je gubio teritorije, što je vjerovatno stvorilo veliku uznemirenost. Historičar Suetonijus je opisao ovaj veliki ilirski ustanak (Bellum Batonianum) kao najteži po Rim još od vremena Punskih Ratova, oko dva stoljeća ranije, a vjerovatno najveći u Augustovo vrijeme.[2]

Dakle, Rim je morao poslati desetak legija i približan broj pomoćnih trupa (auxiliares), saveznike iz Trakije i plaćenike koko bi ugušio ustanak. Vrhovni komandant ovih snaga bio je budući imperator Tiberije. Baton je pokušao osvojiti Salonu (očigledno je imao podršku Dalmata ili bar slobodan prolaz) ali nakon što ga je porazio Marcus Valerius Messalla Messallinus, guverner Ilirikuma, povukao se sjevernije, gdje se sastao sa Breucima i njihovim Batonom. Nakon dvije godine gerilskih borbi po bosanskim planinama i močvarama Panonije, u ljeto 8. godine n. e. Baton Breučki se predao Tiberijusu (vjerovatno potkupljen) na obali rijeke Bathinus (Bosna).

Nedugo zatim, dezitijatski Baton je zarobio breučkog Batona i odlučeno je da se on pogubi.[3] Naredne godine, Tiberije i Germanicus su pokrenuli završne ofanzive protiv Dezitijata.[4] U septembru 9. godine n. e. (samo nekoliko dana prije bitke u Teutoburškoj šumi) dogodile su se vjerovatno najteže bitke nakon kojih su Dezitijati morali prihvatiti poraz.

Moral Ilira zadivio je i same Rimljane. U posljednjoj velikoj bici, kada su Rimljani opkolili posljednji Batonov bedem otpora, grad Arduba (Vranduk?), rimski hroničari zabilježili su slijedeće: "Ponosne ilirske žene sa djecom u naručju bacaju se za zidina grada u vatre koje plamsaju svud okolo. One se ne predaju Rimljanima, a Ilirski ratnici oduzimaju sebi život svojim mačevima..." [5]

Antički historičar Strabon navodi da je Baton zarobljen na teritoriji Dalmata. Navodno je Tiberije upitao Batona i Dezitijate zašto su se pobunili a Baton je odgovorio: "Vi Rimljani ste sami krivi jer ste poslali vukove da čuvaju vaša stada a ne pastire." Baton je odveden u Rim, po običaju prema kojem su se poražene vođe pokazivali kao trofeji a ostatak života je proveo u Raveni, Italija[6].

Također pogledajte

Reference

  1. ^ "John Wilkes - the Illiyans". Elektronska verzija. Pristupljeno 9. 2. 2018.
  2. ^ Salmedin Mesihović - Bitka za Ilirik
  3. ^ "Salmedin Mesihović - Ilirike". Arhivirano s originala, 12. 1. 2020. Pristupljeno 27. 3. 2020.
  4. ^ "Salmedin Mesihović - SVPPLEMENTVM REBELLIO ILLYRICI I – GERMANIKOVA "POUNJSKA OFANZIVA"" (PDF). INSTITUT ZA ISTORIJU • Br. 4, 1-234, Sarajevo 2009. Arhivirano s originala (PDF), 14. 7. 2018. Pristupljeno 9. 2. 2016.
  5. ^ Stipčević, A.; "Iliri-povijest, život, kultura", Školska Knjiga, 1989. Također vidjeti radove Alojza Benca, prof. Envera Imamovića, i Zilke Kujundžić-Vejzagić
  6. ^ Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology Arhivirano 7. 6. 2008. na Wayback Machine - Poslao je Batona u Ravenu.

Izvori i vanjski linkovi

Read other articles:

Unjuk rasa Sri Lanka 2022Para pengunjuk rasa di depan Sekretariat Presiden Sri LankaTanggal15 Maret 2022[1]–sekarangLokasiSri Lanka, Demonstrasi oleh komunitas Sri Lanka di Australia, Britania Raya, Selandia Baru, Amerika Serikat, Kanada dan banyak negara lainnyaSebab Salah urus ekonomi oleh pemerintah yang mengakibatkan krisis ekonomi Sri Lanka 2019–sekarang Kekurangan termasuk pemadaman listrik, bahan bakar dan barang-barang penting Inflasi tinggi dan kenaikan biaya hidup yang c...

 

روكاسبينالفيتي     الإحداثيات 41°56′00″N 14°28′00″E / 41.933333333333°N 14.466666666667°E / 41.933333333333; 14.466666666667  [1] تقسيم إداري  البلد إيطاليا[2]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة كييتي  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 33.01 كيلومتر مربع (9 أكتوبر 2011)[3]  ارتفاع 731 متر  عدد ال

 

Justin Francis RigaliKardinal, Uskup Agung Emeritus PhiladelphiaTakhtaPhiladelphiaPenunjukan15 Juli 2003Awal masa jabatan7 Oktober 2003Masa jabatan berakhir19 Juli 2011PendahuluAnthony BevilacquaPenerusCharles Chaput OFM CapJabatan lainKardinal-Imam S. PriscaEpiskopal Liaison untuk CMSWR[1]ImamatTahbisan imam25 April 1961oleh James Francis McIntyreTahbisan uskup14 September 1985oleh Yohanes Paulus IIPelantikan kardinal21 Oktober 2003oleh Yohanes Paulus IIPeringkatKardinal-Im...

Statistics and causes of suicide Suicide Social aspects ACEs Altruistic Copycat Epidemic Legislation Philosophy Religious views Right to die Social isolation Social media and suicide Social support Voluntary euthanasia Crisis Assessment of risk Crisis hotline (list) Intervention Prevention Suicide attempt Suicide watch Types Assisted Bullying and suicide (list) Copycat Familicide Forced Honor Jauhar Mass Murder–suicide Prisoner suicide Rail Pact Internet Prayopavesa Sallekhana Sati Self-sac...

 

Swedish ice hockey player Ice hockey player Daniel Viksten Born (1989-09-10) September 10, 1989 (age 34)Mora, SwedenHeight 1.81 m (5 ft 11 in)Weight 78 kg (172 lb; 12 st 4 lb)Position Right WingShoots RightSHL teamFormer teams Färjestad BKMora IKÖrebro HKPlaying career 2007–present Daniel Viksten (born 10 September 1989) is a Swedish professional ice hockey forward. He is currently playing for Färjestad BK in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). He...

 

Commanding unit of all Allied airborne troops in Europe during WW2. First Allied Airborne ArmyBadge of the First Allied Airborne Army.Active2 August 1944 – 20 May 1945Disbanded20 May 1945AllegianceAlliesTypeAirborne forcesEngagementsWorld War II Operation Market Garden Battle of the Bulge Operation Varsity CommandersLieutenant GeneralLewis H. BreretonMilitary unit The First Allied Airborne Army was an Allied formation formed on 2 August 1944 by the order of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the...

AbigheaPosterGenre Drama Roman BerdasarkanAbigheaoleh Chelsea Karina AoliaSkenarioSasqia DestySutradaraTarmizi AbkaPemeran Dea Annisa Rasy Alrizky Nadira Sungkar Adam Kaze Vicky Kalea Ian Meyer Raisha Azalea Dandy Novansyah Ibrahim Daffa Arioseno Arrayyan Rizky Dwi Putra Lukman Hakim Lagu pembukaHanyalah — D'play BandLagu penutup Pengganti Diriku — Ogie Krisdian[a] Hanyalah — D'play Band[b] Negara asalIndonesiaBahasa asliBahasa IndonesiaJmlh. episode6ProduksiProduser eks...

 

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese. (February 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Japanese article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English W...

 

American actress (1923–2002) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Danny Sue Nolan – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Danny Sue NolanDanni Sue Nolan in The Fugitive 1967BornDorothea Alyce Nolan(1923-02-28)February 28...

日本の政治家堤 康次郎つつみ やすじろう 1955年ごろ生年月日 1889年3月7日出生地 日本 滋賀県愛知郡愛荘町(旧・八木荘村)没年月日 (1964-04-26) 1964年4月26日(75歳没)死没地 日本 東京都千代田区出身校 早稲田大学政治経済学部政治学科卒業所属政党 (立憲同志会→)(立憲民政党→)(翼賛政治会→)(無所属→)(民政旧友会→)(新政クラブ→)(改進党→)(新...

 

Eastern New York Court Case Microsoft Corp. v. Harmony Comps. & Elecs., Inc.CourtUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of New YorkFull case nameMicrosoft Corp. v. Harmony Computers & Electronics, Inc. DecidedFeb. 7, 1994Citation(s)846 F. Supp. 208; 31 U.S.P.Q.2d 1135; Copy. L. Rep. (CCH) ¶ 27,257HoldingDefendant's selling of copyrighted Microsoft products, without license or authorization, constituted copyright infringement, was not protected by the first-sale doctrin...

 

American video game magazine This article is about the online video game magazine. For the role-playing game website, see The Escapist (website). The EscapistCover for The Escapist's first issue: Gaming Uber AllesType of siteVideo game websiteAvailable inEnglishOwnerGamurs GroupURLwww.escapistmagazine.comLaunchedJuly 12, 2005; 18 years ago (2005-07-12) The Escapist (formerly known as Escapist Magazine) is an American video game website and online magazine. First pub...

«Балади про війну і відбудову» Автор Жадан Сергій ВікторовичМова українськаЖанр поезіяВидавництво Кальварія (видавництво)Видано 2001Сторінок 100 «Балади про війну і відбудову» — збірка віршів українського письменника Сергія Жадана, яка була видана львівським видавни...

 

South Korean actress For other people named Ji-eun, see Ji-eun (disambiguation). In this Korean name, the family name is Oh. Oh Ji-eunOh Ji-eun in The Golden Garden press conference (2019)Born (1981-12-30) December 30, 1981 (age 41)Seoul, South KoreaEducationHanyang University - Theater and FilmOccupationActressYears active2003-presentAgentFamily Actors EntertainmentKorean nameHangul오지은Hanja吳知恩Revised RomanizationO Ji-eunMcCune–ReischauerO Chiŭn Oh Ji-eun (born Decemb...

 

Feminist movements and ideology Part of a series onFeminism History Feminist history History of feminism Women's history American British Canadian German Waves First Second Third Fourth Timelines Women's suffrage Muslim countries US Other women's rights Women's suffrage by country Austria Australia Canada Colombia India Japan Kuwait Liechtenstein New Zealand Spain Second Republic Francoist Switzerland United Kingdom Cayman Islands Wales United States states Intersectional variants Fat Lesbian...

Cushitic-speaking ethnic group native to the Horn of Africa For AFARS, the US Army supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulation, see Federal Acquisition Regulation. Afar (Qafar)QafaraعفرAn Afar man in traditional nomad attire, 1950Total population2,708,000 (2022)[1]Regions with significant populationsHorn of Africa Ethiopia1,840,000 (2018)[2] Eritrea526,000 (2010)[3] Djibouti342,000 (2019)[3]LanguagesAfarReligionSunni IslamRelated ethnic g...

 

Family of flowering plants Sapindaceae Litchi chinensis leaves and fruit Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Sapindales Family: SapindaceaeJuss. Subfamilies[1] DodonaeoideaeHippocastanoideaeSapindoideaeXanthoceroideae Diversity 1,900+ species in ca. 140 genera The range of Sapindaceae The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138...

 

This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Ori Sivan – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Ori SivanSivan on set, di...

Class overview BuildersLung Teh Shipbuilding Co. OperatorsRepublic of China Navy Built2019-2021 In commission2020-Present Planned4 Completed4 Active4 General characteristics TypeMinelayer Displacement347 tons Length41m Beam8.8m Draft1.7m Speed14 knots Armament1 x T-75 cannon, 2 x T74 machine gun The Min Jiang-class minelayer is a class of minelayers in service with the Republic of China Navy (ROCN) built by Lung Teh Shipbuilding. Naming The vessels are referred to as the Min Jiang-class by th...

 

Potret Tukang Pos Joseph Roulin (1841–1903) F432SenimanVincent van GoghTahunawal Agustus 1888MediumMinyak di kanvasUkuran81.2 cm × 65.3 cm (32,0 in × 25,7 in)LokasiMuseum Seni Rupa Murni, Boston Artikel utama: Vincent van Gogh Keluarga Roulin adalah kelompok lukisan potret buatan Vincent van Gogh yang dibuat di Arles pada 1888 dan 1889 tentang Joseph, istrinya Augustine dan tiga anak mereka: Armand, Camille dan Marcelle. Serial tersebut memiliki k...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!