Balhaško jezero

Balhaško jezero
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Balhaško jezero (kaz. Балқаш Көлі, Balqaş köli, rus. Озеро Балхаш) je jezero u pustinjskoj stepi istočnog Kazahstana. Površina jezera je do 18.428 km2. Balhaško jezero je izduženog oblika sličnog polumesecu. Južna obala je veoma razuđena sa bezbroj malih ostrva i poluostrva. Srednja dubina jezera je 5,8 metara, a maksimalna 26. Jezero je podijeljeno na zapadni i istočni dio koji su povezani kanalom Uzun-Aral širine 4,5 kilometara. Istočni dio jezera je dublji i veoma slan (> 7%), dok je zapadni dio malo slan (0,5-1,5% soli) i ne zavisi od promjene nivoa jezera. Razlika u salinitetu je posljedica razlike u broju pritoka i ograničenoj razmjeni vode između njegovih dijelova.

Najveći grad na obali jezera je Balhaš. Glavne pritoke su rijeke Ili i Karatal. Jezero nema ostrva. Oko 15% površine sliva ovog jezera pripada teritoriji Kine. Najveći dio vode u jezero stiže od otopljenog snijega sa planina Sinkjanga.

Kao i Aralsko jezero, i Balhaško jezero je u opasnosti da presuši. U oba slučaja razlog je upotreba voda za navodnjavanje polja pamuka. Ova praksa je započeta 1960-tih u doba SSSR.


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