Йерба мате

Йерба мате
Природозащитен статут
NT
Почти застрашен[1]
Класификация
царство:Растения (Plantae)
отдел:Васкуларни растения (Tracheophytes)
(без ранг):Покритосеменни (Angiosperms)
(без ранг):Еудикоти (eudicots)
(без ранг):Астериди (asterids)
разред:Джелоцветни (Aquifoliales)
семейство:Джелови (Aquifoliaceae)
род:Джел (Ilex)
вид:Йерба мате (I. paraguariensis)
Научно наименование
A.St.-Hil.
Йерба мате в Общомедия
[ редактиране ]

Йерба мате (Ilex paraguariensis), също Ерва мате (на испански: yerba mate; на португалски: erva-mate), е вид дърво, разпространено в субтропичния пояс на Южна Америка. За първи път е научно класифицирано от швейцарския ботаник М. Бертони през 1895 година.

От изсушените листа и филизи на растението се приготвя тонизиращата напитка мате.

Разпространение

Йерба мате е разпространено в Североизточна Аржентина, Боливия, Уругвай, Парагвай и Южна Бразилия. Расте в диво състояние, но също така се култивира и в специални плантации.

Биологическо описание

Йерба мате е вечнозелен храст или дърво с височина до 15 m.

Листата са назъбени, с дължина 7 – 11 cm и ширина 3 – 5,5 cm.

Цветовете са малки, зеленикаво-бели, с четирилистни.

Плодовете са червени, костилкови, с диаметър 4 – 6 mm.

Химически състав

В листата на йерба мате се съдържат: бета-амирин, ванилин, вода, изовалерианова киселина, изокапронова киселина, инозитол, кофеин (матеин), 2,5-ксиленол, маслена киселина, неохлорогенова киселина, никотинова киселина (витамин B3), 4-оксилауринова киселина, пантотенова киселина (витамин B5), пиридоксин (витамин B6), белтъчини, рибофлавин (витамин B2), рутин, смола, стеаринова киселина, танин, теобромин, теофилин, тригонелин, 5-кофеоилхина киселина, хлорофил, холин, целулоза и др.

Мате

Мате е традиционна южноамериканска тонизираща напитка, която се приготвя чрез накисване на изсушени и стрити листа и филизи на йерба мате в гореща вода.

 Основна статия: Мате

Външни препратки

  1. ↑ Ilex paraguariensis (A.St.-Hil.). // IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Посетен на 2 януари 2023 г. (на английски)

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