Един-към-един

Един към един (на английски: one-to-one) е тип комуникация между две инстанции (хора, машини и т.н.), било то писмена, устна, електронна или някаква друга. Характерно за този тип комуникация е, че в нея винаги участват точно двама партньора — по-малко от двама би било безсмислено, а при повече от двама партньора е налице друг тип комуникация (в зависимост от случая или много-към-много, или един-към-много). Двамата участника са напълно равностойни, т.е. комуникацията е симетрична – всеки един от двамата може да получава и да изпраща съобщения, било то едновременно или последователно.

Според това дали е възможно едновременно получаване и изпращане на съобщения, комуникацията допълнително се дели на пълен дуплекс (всеки може да получава и изпраща едновременно) или полу-дуплекс (ако единият изпраща, другият получава и не може да изпраща в това време).

Отделно от това, комуникацията може да бъде синхронна или асинхронна.

Стандартни примери за комуникация тип „един към един“ са:

  • Нормален разговор между двама души (обикновено синхронен и полу-дуплекс)
  • Телефонен разговор без възможност за конференции (обикновено синхронен, винаги пълен дуплекс)
  • Писмо от един човек до друг (асинхронна комуникация в пълен дуплекс)
  • Чат между двама души в Интернет, например през ICQ, IRC или друга услуга (асинхронен, пълен дуплекс)
  • TCP връзка между два компютъра в Интернет (синхронна или асинхронна, пълен дуплекс)

Read other articles:

Canadian painter Lily Osman AdamsBorn1865Toronto, Canada WestDied1945Toronto, Ontario, CanadaOccupationPainterKnown forTrilliums (AGO) Lily Osman Adams (1865–1945) was a Canadian painter. She worked mainly in pastel and watercolor, and depicted landscapes, flowers and still life. Early years Lily Osman Adams was born in Toronto in 1865.[1] She studied privately under Farquhar McGillivray Knowles (1859–1932) and Lucius Richard O'Brien (1832–1899). She attended the Toronto Ar...

 

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Orang Tanimbar Kei. Suku Tanimbar adalah sekelompok etnis atau masyarakat asal Indonesia yang mendiami Kepulauan Tanimbar yang berasal dari campuran Austronesia-Papua. Kata ”Tanimbar” berasal dari kata Tanempar dalam bahasa Yamdena Timur (Nustimur) atau Tnebar dalam bahasa Fordata, yang berarti ”Terdampar”. Suku Tanimbar Tanimbarese Kepulauan TanimbarDaerah dengan populasi signifikanIndonesia (Ambon, Kepulauan Tanimbar, Saumlaki, Jakarta, Bekasi, Yogyakarta,...

 

Action directeWaktu operasi1979–1987MotifRevolusi proletarWilayah operasiPrancisIdeologiAnarkismeAnti-fasismeAnti-imperialismeOtonomismeMaoismeMarxisme-Leninisme [1]Serangan terkenalPembunuhan Réne Audran dan George BessePenyerangan Kantor Pusat Conseil national du patronat Français 1979Penyerangan pos polisi Paris 1986StatusDibubarkanJumlah anggota180-200 militan dan simpatisan [karib] selama keberadaannya[2]Sumber pendapatanPerampokan Action directe (AD) adalah...

جزء من سلسلة عنالفكر البعثي المنظمات الأم حركة البعث العربي (1940–1947)حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي (1947–1966)البعث العراقي (1966–2003)البعث السوري (1966–الوقت الحاضر) شخصيات رئيسية  زكي الأرسوزي  ميشيل عفلق  صلاح البيطار   وهيب الغانم  فائز إسماعيل  فؤاد...

 

Symbols of the honorary title of Hero City of Ukraine: a hero ribbon and a bar for city flag. Honorary title for cities in Ukraine OdesaSevastopolKyivKerchVolnovakhaHostomelMariupolKharkivKhersonChernihivBuchaIrpinOkhtyrkaMykolaivclass=notpageimage| Hero Cities of Ukraine. Italics indicate Hero Cities declared as such by the Soviet Union. Hero City of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Місто-герой України, romanized: Misto-heroi Ukrainy) is a Ukrainian honorary title awarded for outsta...

 

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Music Storage. Beberapa atau seluruh referensi dari artikel ini mungkin tidak dapat dipercaya kebenarannya. Bantulah dengan memberikan referensi yang lebih baik atau dengan memeriksa apakah referensi telah memenuhi syarat sebagai referensi tepercaya. Referensi yang tidak benar dapat dihapus sewaktu-waktu. Penyimpanan awan musik (bahasa Inggris: Music cloud storage) adalah sebuah metode penyimpanan awan khusus data-data dalam bentuk musik. Data musik ini tersimpan da...

هذه البوابة رياضية هناك 22 مقالة مرتبطة بالبوابة أهلا بكم في بوابة إيكيدو   مقالة مختارة ⇧ ✎  

 

American anime streaming television series Resident Evil: Infinite DarknessSeries logoGenre Action[1] Japanese horror[1] Biopunk Zombie apocalypse Created byCapcom Original net animationDirected byEiichirō HasumiProduced byHiroyasu ShinoharaWritten byEiichirō HasumiShogo MotoMusic byYugo KannoStudioTMS Entertainment[a]Quebico[b]Licensed byNetflixSony Pictures Home Entertainment (home video)ReleasedJuly 8, 2021Runtime25–28 minut...

 

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018)   لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع ترينيداد (توضيح). ترينيدادمعلومات عامةجزء من إبحار ماجلان الاسم الرسمي Trinidad (بال...

Dwi Rubiyanti Kholifah, commonly known as Ruby Kholifah, is an Indonesian Women's rights leader and Human rights activist.[1][2][3] She is the Indonesian director of the Asian Muslim Action Network (AMAN). Biography Kholifah was born and raised in Indonesia, and completed a bachelor’s degree in literature from Universitas Jember, Indonesia and a master’s degree in health and social science at Mahidol University in Thailand, where she studied the sexual health and p...

 

Jerónimo Funes Muñoz, 1654. Grabado al aguafuerte y buril por Pedro de Villafranca. Biblioteca Nacional de España. Jerónimo Funes y Muñoz (hacia 1575-1654), caballero de la Orden de Santiago y barón de Ayodar, fue gentilhombre de boca de Felipe III y posteriormente también de Felipe IV y de la cámara del príncipe Filiberto, conservador general del Real Patrimonio de los Reinos de Nápoles y Sicilia y del Estado de Milán (1602) y miembro del Consejo Supremo de Italia, con voto desde ...

 

Опис файлу Опис «Teo Torriatte (Let Us Cling Together)» Джерело https://www.discogs.com/クイーン-手をとりあって-Teo-Torriatte-Let-Us-Cling-Together/master/883965 Час створення 1977 Автор зображення «Queen» Ліцензія див. нижче Обґрунтування добропорядного використання Обґрунтування добропорядного використання не вказано наз...

Radio station in Timmins, Ontario CJQQ-FMTimmins, OntarioFrequency92.1 MHz (FM)Branding92.1 RockProgrammingFormatMainstream rockOwnershipOwnerRogers Media(Rogers Media, Inc.)Sister stationsCKGB-FMHistoryFirst air date1948 (as CKGB-FM)1992 (as CJQQ-FM)Former call signsCKGB-FM (1948-1976)CFTI-FM (1976-1992)Call sign meaningCJQ Q (former branding)Technical informationClassCERP40 kWshorizontal polarization onlyHAAT162 meters (531 ft)LinksWebsite921rock.ca CJQQ-FM is a Canadian radio station,...

 

Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim UniversityMottoHe taught man what he knew notEstablished1891; 132 years ago (1891)School typeLaw SchoolLocationAligarh, IndiaWebsiteamu.ac.in/faculties/faculty-of-law The Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University is the law school of the Aligarh Muslim University which has a history of over 100 years of teaching and writing law. Law classes were inaugurated by Justice Douglas Straight on December 29, 1891.[1] In 2014, the faculty was li...

 

Chronologies Chronologie du jeu vidéo 2015 2016 2017  2018  2019 2020 2021Décennies :1980 1990 2000  2010  2020 2030 2040 Chronologie dans le monde 2015 2016 2017  2018  2019 2020 2021Décennies :1980 1990 2000  2010  2020 2030 2040 Chronologies géographiques Afrique Afrique du Sud, Algérie, Angola, Bénin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroun, Cap-Vert, Centrafrique, Comores, République du Congo, République démocratique du Congo, ...

Human settlement in EnglandManorManor within StockportPopulation10,537 (2010[1])CountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomUK ParliamentStockportCouncillorsSue Glithero (Labour)Laura Clingan (Labour)Charlie Stewart (Labour) List of places UK England Manor is an electoral ward in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport. It elects three councillors to Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council using the first past the post electoral method, electing one councill...

 

BlangkejerenKecamatanNegara IndonesiaProvinsiAcehKabupatenGayo LuesPemerintahan • CamatEna Malikulsaleh, SSTP[butuh rujukan]Populasi (2022) • Total40.482 jiwa • Kepadatan239/km2 (620/sq mi)Kode Kemendagri11.13.01 Kode BPS1113020 Luas169,52 km²Desa/kelurahan20 Pemandangan di Blangkejeren Blangkejeren adalah sebuah kecamatan yang sekaligus menjadi ibu kota, pusat ekonomi dan pusat pemerintahan Kabupaten Gayo Lues, Provinsi Aceh, Indone...

 

American politician (1893–1946) Charles Francis HurleyHurley in 193754th Governor of MassachusettsIn officeJanuary 7, 1937 – January 5, 1939LieutenantFrancis E. KellyPreceded byJames M. CurleySucceeded byLeverett A. Saltonstall45th Treasurer and Receiver-General of MassachusettsIn officeJanuary 1931 – January 1937GovernorJoseph B. ElyJames M. CurleyPreceded byJohn W. HaigisSucceeded byWilliam E. Hurley Personal detailsBorn(1893-11-24)November 24, 1893Boston, Ma...

Species of palm Ravenea beentjei Conservation status Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Clade: Commelinids Order: Arecales Family: Arecaceae Genus: Ravenea Species: R. beentjei Binomial name Ravenea beentjeiRakotoarin & j.Dransf. Ravenea beentjei is a species of palm tree. It is endemic to Madagascar, where it grows in a frequently flooded area within a single locality of...

 

Main article: 1980 United States presidential election 1980 United States presidential election in Connecticut ← 1976 November 4, 1980 1984 →   Nominee Ronald Reagan Jimmy Carter John B. Anderson Party Republican Democratic Anderson Coalition [a] Home state California Georgia Illinois Running mate George H. W. Bush Walter Mondale Patrick Lucey Electoral vote 8 0 0 Popular vote 677,210 541,732 171,807 Percentage 48.16% 38.52% 12.22% Count...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!