Бернхард Варениус

Бернхард Варениус
Bernhard Varen
нидерландски географ
Роден
1623 г.
Починал
1653 г. (30 г.)

Учил вЛайденски университет
Научна дейност
ОбластГеография
Бернхард Варениус в Общомедия

Бернхард Варениус (на немски: Bernhard Varen) е нидерландски географ.

Биография

Роден е през 1622 година е Хитцакер, Курфюрство Саксония, тогава в пределите на Свещената Римска империя (днес в Германия). От 1627 година живее в Уелцен, където баща му е проповедник на дука на Брауншвайг. Учи математика в Университета в Хамбург (1640 – 1642) и Кьонигсберг (1643 – 1645). От 1645 година изучава медицина в Лайденския университет и получава медицинската си степен през 1649 година.

Известен е най-вече с книгата си „Geograophia generalis“ („География генерална“), в която за първи път обособява географията като самостоятелна наука. Издадена е на латински език през 1650 г. в Амстердам и преведена на английски и френски, а по-късно по времето на Петър I и на руски език. Тази книга е високо ценена от Нютон, Хумболт, Елизе Реклю, Рател и др. С право някои автори я смятат за първата системна физическа география, допълнена със странознание. Много преди Хумболт и Ритер Варениус предлага сравнителния метод.

В „География генерална“ Варениус споделя възгледите на Коперник, Кеплер и Галилей. Разделя географията на обща и частна, като частната е разделена на хорография и топография. Книгата се състои от 3 части: в първата са разгледани Земята, водата и атмосферата, във втората са разгледани космическите явления, а в третата – отношенията между различните територии и морските връзки на Холандия.

Варениус поставя основите на научното обяснение за наличието на световна система на ветровете. Той е привърженик на емпиричното естествознание. В книгата присъстват съвети за използване на карти, за изчисляване на координати и други. Той не само описва и локализира географските обекти, но и съставя програми или планове за изучаването им.

Умира през 1650 година в Лайден в нищета само на 28-годишна възраст.

Литература

  • Bernhard Varenius (1622 – 1650). Edited by Margret Schuchard. Leiden, Brill, 2007, xxiv, 346 pp. (Brill's Studies in Intellectual History, 159)

Read other articles:

British-Nigerian actor (born 1962) Hakeem Kae-KazimKae-Kazim at a 24 screening event in Los Angeles (2009)Born (1962-10-01) 1 October 1962 (age 61)Lagos, NigeriaNationalityBritishAlma materBristol Old Vic Theatre SchoolOccupationActorYears active1987–presentChildren3 Hakeem Kae-KazimListenⓘ /hɑːˈkiːm ˌkeɪ ˈkæzɪm/ (born 1 October 1962[1]) is a Nigerian-British actor and producer.[2][3] He portrayed Georges Rutaganda in the film Hotel Rwanda (...

 

Частина інформації в цій статті застаріла. Ви можете допомогти, оновивши її. Можливо, сторінка обговорення містить зауваження щодо потрібних змін. (квітень 2018) У Вікіпедії є статті про інших людей із прізвищем Язловецький. Щодо інших людей з таким самим іменем та прізвищ

 

En droit français, un objectif de valeur constitutionnelle (ou objectif à valeur constitutionnelle) est un objectif dégagé par le Conseil constitutionnel auquel ce dernier reconnaît une valeur constitutionnelle[1],[2]. Ces objectifs trouvent leurs fondements dans le bloc de constitutionnalité constitué de la constitution elle-même, la déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen, le préambule de la constitution de 1946 ainsi que de la charte de l'environnement de 2004. Histoire L...

Peta Eurasia pada tahun 1 Masehi, dengan Kekaisaran Romawi (merah), Kekaisaran Partia (cokelat), dan Kekaisaran Han Tiongkok (kuning)Kekaisaran Romawi dan Han menduduki dua sisi benua Eurasia pada tahun 200 Masehi, dengan Kekaisaran Partia dan Kushan berada di antaranya.Hubungan dagang antara Romawi dan dunia Timur, termasuk Tiongkok, menurut panduan navigasi abad ke-1 SM, Perjalanan Laut Eritrea Hubungan Romawi dengan Tiongkok mengacu kepada kontak yang utamanya tak langsung antara Kekaisara...

 

Castle in Alicante, Spain Mount Benacantil and Castle of Santa Bárbara seen from Postiguet Beach. Santa Bárbara Castle (Valencian: Castell de Santa Bàrbara, Spanish: Castillo de Santa Bárbara) is a fortification in the center of Alicante, Spain. It stands on Mount Benacantil (166 m). History Bronze Age, Iberian, and Roman artifacts have been found on the slopes of the mountain, but the origins of the castle date to the 9th century at the time of Muslim control of the Iberian Peninsula, fr...

 

Der Titel dieses Artikels ist mehrdeutig. Weitere Bedeutungen sind unter Kapverdische Fußballnationalmannschaft (Begriffsklärung) aufgeführt. Kap VerdeCabo Verde Spitzname(n) Crioulos Verband Federação Caboverdiana de Futebol Konföderation CAF Cheftrainer Kap Verde Pedro Brito (seit 2020) Rekordspieler Ryan Mendes (64) Rekordtorschütze Héldon Ramos (15) Heimstadion Estádio Nacional de Cabo Verde FIFA-Code CPV FIFA-Rang 73. (1329,8 Punkte) (Stand: 30. November 2023)[1 ...

Campeonato Argentino de Futebol de 1932 Copa Campeonato 1932 Dados Participantes 17 Período 20 de março de 1932 – 28 de janeiro de 1933 Campeão Sportivo Barracas (1º título) Vice-campeão Barracas Central ◄◄ 1931 1933 ►► O Campeonato Argentino de Futebol de 1932, originalmente denominado Copa Campeonato pela entidade reguladora oficial, a Asociación Argentina de Football (Amateurs y Profesionales), foi o quinquagésimo segundo torneio da Primeira Divisão da chamada era amador...

 

AwardMilitary General Service MedalObverse and reverse of the medalTypeCampaign medalAwarded forCampaign serviceDescriptionSilver disk, 36mm diameterPresented byUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandEligibilityBritish ArmyCampaign(s)French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars 1793–1814,Anglo-American War of 1812Clasps29 authorisedEstablished1 June 1847Total26,091 Ribbon: 32mm, crimson edged with dark blue The Military General Service Medal (MGSM) was a campaign medal approved in 1847 and ...

 

Russian interference in the 2016 United States electionsPart of 2016 U.S. presidential electionODNI declassified assessment of Russian activities and intentions in recent U.S. electionsDateMay 2014[1][2] – November 8, 2016Also known asProject LakhtaMotiveDestabilization of the United StatesElection of Donald TrumpRemoval of U.S. sanctions on RussiaPerpetratorRussian governmentOutcomeTrump elected presidentMueller probe Trump–Russia relations Business interactions Bayrock G...

Amedy Coulibaly (* 27. Februar 1982 in Juvisy-sur-Orge; † 9. Januar 2015 in Paris)[1] war ein französischer islamistischer Terrorist, der im Umfeld des Anschlags auf die Redaktion des Satiremagazins Charlie Hebdo der Brüder Saïd und Chérif Kouachi weitere Terrorakte beging. Werdegang Coulibaly, der den Spitznamen Doly de Grigny trug,[2] wurde in einem Pariser Vorort als siebtes von insgesamt zehn Kindern geboren; er war der einzige Junge.[3] Seine Familie stammt ...

 

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع القاهر (توضيح). قرية القاهر  - قرية -  تقسيم إداري البلد  اليمن المحافظة محافظة البيضاء المديرية مديرية الشرية العزلة عزلة آل غنيم السكان التعداد السكاني 2004 السكان 475   • الذكور 241   • الإناث 234   • عدد الأسر 57   • عدد المساكن 49 مع...

 

South Korean television presenter Jang Sung-kyuBorn (1983-04-21) April 21, 1983 (age 40)Seoul, South KoreaOccupationsHostbroadcast personalityradio DJYears active2011–presentAgentJTBC Studio - FreelancerSpouse Lee Yu-mi ​(m. 2014)​Children2Korean nameHangul장성규Hanja張成圭Revised RomanizationJang Seong-gyuMcCune–ReischauerChang Sŏng-kyu Jang Sung-kyu (Korean: 장성규; born April 21, 1983) is a South Korean host and television perso...

This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (January 2022) René LalouxBorn(1929-07-13)13 July 1929Paris, FranceDied14 March 2004(2004-03-14) (aged 74)Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, FranceOccupation(s)AnimatorFilm directorScreenwriterYears active1957–1998 René Laloux (French: [lalu]; 13 July 1929 – 14 March 2004)...

 

Peta menunjukan lokasi Rosario Data sensus penduduk di Rosario Tahun Populasi Persentase 199574.976—200086.1103.02%200795.7851.48% Rosario adalah munisipalitas yang terletak di provinsi Batangas, Filipina. Pada tahun 2007, wilayah ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sebesar 95.785 jiwa atau 16.288 rumah tangga. Pembagian wilayah Cluster Untuk tujuan pengorganisasian masyarakat dan pelayanan yang efektif dari proyek-proyek pembangunan sosial yang berkelanjutan di bawah pengawasan dari Kantor Wali k...

 

Palazzo Madama Het Palazzo Madama is een stadspaleis in Rome en thans de zetel van de Italiaanse Senaat. Het ligt naast de Franse kerk in Rome, de San Luigi dei Francesi. Het paleis werd in 1503 gebouwd in opdracht van de Medici, die heersten in Florence en ook in de Katholieke Kerk een machtige positie innamen. Om haar belangen in het kerkelijke bestuurscentrum veilig te stellen, had de familie een Romeinse residentie nodig. De bouwgrond lag in het Campus Martius, boven de resten van de Ther...

Burton in 2012 The following is a list of unproduced Tim Burton projects, in roughly chronological order. During a career that has spanned over 30 years, Tim Burton has worked on a number of projects which never progressed beyond the pre-production stage under his direction. 1980s After Hours Burton was originally attached to direct the 1985 film After Hours, but Martin Scorsese read the script at a time when he was unable to get financial backing to complete The Last Temptation of Christ, wh...

 

Family of birds For other uses, see Hummingbird (disambiguation). HummingbirdTemporal range: Rupelian 30–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Four hummingbirdsfrom Trinidad and Tobago Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Clade: Strisores Order: Apodiformes Family: TrochilidaeVigors, 1825 Type genus TrochilusLinnaeus, 1758 Subfamilies Subfamiles: †EurotrochilusFlorisuginaePhaethornithinaePolytminaeLesbiinaePatagoninaeTrochilinae(Fo...

 

AngataAngata during the Mana Expedition, 1914Bornc. 1853Easter IslandDiedDecember 1914Hanga Roa, Easter IslandKnown forAngata's rebellionSpouses Daniel Manu Heu Roroa Pakomīo Māʻori Ure Kino Angata, full name María Angata Veri Tahi ʻa Pengo Hare Koho[1] (c. 1853 – December 1914) was a Roman Catholic Rapa Nui religious leader from Easter Island during the late 19th and early 20th century. After experiencing a prophetic vision in which God instructed her to retak...

2010 video game This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Neo Geo Heroes: Ultimate Shooting – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 2010 video gameNeo Geo Heroes: Ultimate ShootingJapanese packaging artworkDeveloper(s)SNK Playmore&...

 

1990 American TV series or program Orpheus DescendingPromotional posterGenreDramaRomanceWritten byTennessee WilliamsPeter HallDirected byPeter HallStarringVanessa RedgraveKevin AndersonBrad SullivanMusic byStephen EdwardsCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishProductionExecutive producerGladys NederlanderProducersGeorge ManasseStuart GoodmanElizabeth Ireland McCannProduction locationJacksonville, FloridaCinematographyMike FlashEditorEdward MarnierRunning time117 minOr...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!