Новагародскія вежы

Новагародскія вежы — колішнія вежы-данжоны на Замкавай гары і на Малым Замку ў Новагародку (Навагрудку).

Адкрыццё ў Навагрудку каменных вежаў уключае яго ў лік гарадоў Старажытнай Русі, у якіх існавалі вежы валынскага тыпу. Навагрудак з’яўляецца другім горадам на тэрыторыі Беларусі, пасля Камянца, дзе рэальна захаваліся сляды валынскіх вежаў. У іншых гарадах (Гродна, Брэст, Тураў) звесткі аб існаванні такіх вежаў вядомыя толькі па пісьмовых крыніцах[1].

Вежа на Замкавай гары

Абарончая вежа з вялікіх камянёў на вапне, блізкая да вежаў валынскага тыпу, пабудавана на Замкавай гары ў другой палове XIII ст., на думку Ткачова, у 1260—1270-я гг[1].

Выяўлена пры даследаванні цэнтральнай вежы познесярэдневяковага горада, Шчытоўкі, датаванай XIV ст. Ткачову ўдалося высветліць, што да яе існавала мураваная вежа памерам 12х12 м, якая ішла ўглыб на 7,5 м i стала фундаментам для Шчытоўкі[1]. Шурф, закладзены з усходняга боку вежы, адкрыў яе старажытную каменную сцяну, якая на вышыні 4 м ад цокаля фундамента як бы коса ссечана[2]. Гэта больш ранняя, амаль квадратная вежа складзена з буйных абчасаных камянёў. Яе фундамент вышынёй 3,5 м ляжаў на падушцы з раствору i жвіру i заканчваўся цокалем вышынёй 0,3 м. Захаваныя сцены вежы складзены з добра апрацаваных камянёў, прасветы паміж імі заложаны дробна паколатымі камянямі i абломкамі цэглы-пальчаткі, прамазанай вапнавым растворам. Па заключэнню Ткачова, старажытная вежа стаяла ў паўночнай частцы, як бы замыкаючы кальцо зямлянога вала i крыху выступаючы ўперад[1].

Магчыма, што вежа была моцна пашкоджана падчас адной са шматлікіх спроб штурму непрыступнага Новагародка ў XIII—XIV стст. галіцка-валынскімі, татарскімі і крыжацкімі войскамі. У канцы XIV ст. гэта вежа была адбудавана, але ўжо не з каменю, а з цэглы, і мела меншыя памеры (11,4х11,4 м), вышыня сцен каля 25 м[2].

Вежа на Малым замку

Рэшткі яшчэ адной вежы былі адкрыты ў заходняй частцы вала на Малым Замку. Яна складзена з каменю i цэглы і, як i на Замкавай гары, належыць да тыпу валынскіх.

Зноскі

  1. ↑ а б в г Ф. Д. Гурэвіч. ЛЕТАПIСНЫ НОВГОРОДОК (СТАРАЖЫТНАРУСКI НАВАГРАДАК)(недаступная спасылка). Архівавана з першакрыніцы 5 сакавіка 2016. Праверана 9 лютага 2015.
  2. ↑ а б Дзяржаўны спіс гісторыка-культурных каштоўнасцей Рэспублікі Беларусь: [Даведнік] / склад. В. Я. Абламскі, І. М. Чарняўскі, Ю. А. Барысюк. — Мн.: БЕЛТА, 2009. — 684 с. — 1 000 экз. — ISBN 978-985-6828-35-8.

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