Варшаўская канфедэрацыя

Акт Варшаўскай канфедэрацыі

Варшаўская канфедэрацыя (Варшаўская канферэнцыя, 28 студзеня 1573) — важная падзея ў гісторыі Польшчы і Вялікага княства Літоўскага, якая вызначыла асновы рэлігійнай памяркоўнасці знаці і свабодных людзей у Рэчы Паспалітай і ВКЛ, Лічыцца фармальным пачаткам рэлігійнай свабоды ў Рэчы Паспалітай. Акт варшаўскай канферэнцыі з'яўляецца першым такім дакументам у Еўропе. Хоць акт і не прадухіліў ўсіх канфліктаў на аснове рэлігіі, але зрабіў дзяржаву больш бяспечнай і больш талерантным месцам, чым вялікая частка Еўропы, асабліва ў час Трыццацігадовай вайны.

У канфедэрацыі прынялі ўдзел Прадстаўнікі Вялікай і Малой Польшчы, Вялікага княства Літоўскага, Кіева, Валыні, Падляшша, зямель Рускай, Прускай, Паморскай, Жамойцкай, Ліфляндскай і кароннага горада.

Варшаўская канфедэрацыя мела на мэце пераадолець праблемы, якія ўзніклі пасля заключэння Люблінскай уніі, паводле якой стваралася новая дзяржава — Рэч Паспалітая, якая мела адзінага караля, сейм, грошы, падаткі і адзіную знешнюю палітыку, але не мела агульнай царквы.

Варшаўская канфедэрацыя сыграла Актыўную ролю ў абароне рэлігійных свабод у Рэчы Паспалітай, яе ўдзельнікі абавязаліся быць узаемна талерантнымі, захоўваць гэтую талерантнасць у наступных пакаленнях, быць салідарнымі ў барацьбе за свабоду веры пры любым ўрадзе, якія пераследвалі бы любую канфесію. Каталіцкія біскупы не падпісаліся пад артыкуламі Варшаўскай канфедэрацыі, заявіўшы, што Варшаўская канфедэрацыя «абражае веліч Бога, разбурае асновы польскай дзяржаўнасці, бо абвяшчае свабоду ўсім іншаверцам, магаметанам, іўдзеям, пратэстантам і іншым схізматыкам".

У 2003 годзе тэкст канфедэрацыі быў ўнесены ў спіс ЮНЕСКА Памяць свету.

Літаратура

  • W. Budka, Kto podpisał Konfederację Warszawska 1573 r.?, [w:] Reformacja w Polsce, R. I, nr, 4, 1921.
  • N. Davies, Boże igrzysko. Historia Polski, Kraków Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak 1999.
  • A. Jobert, La tolérance religieuse en Pologne au XVIe siècle, [w:] Studi di onore di Ettore Lo Gato Giovanni Maver, Firenze 1962, s. 337—343.
  • M. Korolko, Klejnot swobodnego sumienia, Warszawa 1974.
  • Konfederacja warszawska 1573 roku wielka karta polskiej tolerancji, opr. M. Korolko, J. Tazbir, Warszawa Instytut Wydawniczy PAX 1980.
  • G. Schramm, Der Polnische Adel und die Reformation, Wiesbaden 1965.
  • J. Tazbir, Państwo bez stosów. Szkice z dziejów tolerancji w Polsce XVI—XVII w., Warszawa 1967.
  • J. Tazbir, Reformacja, kontrreformacja, tolerancja, Wrocław 1996.
  • Paweł Janowski [współautor Ołeksandr Dobrojer], Konfederacja Warszawska, [w:] Encyklopedia Katolicka, Lublin 2002, t. IX, kol. 564—565.
  • Bob Scribne, Tolerance and Intolerance in the European Reformation, Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-521-89412-3, Google Print, p.264+
  • Norman Davies, God’s Playground. A History of Poland, Vol. 1: The Origins to 1795, Vol. 2: 1795 to the Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-925339-0 / ISBN 0-19-925340-4
  • M. Korolko, J. Tazbir, Konfederacja warszawska 1573 roku wielka karta polskiej tolerancji, Warszawa Instytut Wydawniczy PAX 1980.
  • G. Schramm, Der Polnische Adel und die Reformation, Wiesbaden 1965.
  • PWN Encyclopedia entry

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