Кніга данін Казіміра

Кніга данін Казіміра — найстарэйшая кніга Літоўскай Метрыкі.

Захавалася ў спісах канца XVI — пачатку XVII ст.[1] у складзе 3-й кнігі запісаў (паводле сучаснай нумарацыі). Адрозніваецца ад іншых кніг Метрыкі тым, што змяшчае ў асноўным не поўныя тэксты дакументаў, выданых Канцылярыяй ад імя гаспадара, а толькі «запісы» (рэгесты) — кароткае іх апісанне з асноўнымі звесткамі.[2]

Створана пасля 1475 года, складальнікі спрабавалі ўпарадкаваць запісы і абралі для гэтага геаграфічны прынцып[3]. Невядома чаму, але прынамсі ў захаваных спісах канца 16 — пачатку 17 ст., прынцып не вытрыманы для ўсіх запісаў, побач з геаграфічнымі групамі частка запісаў змешчана ў адвольным парадку. Таксама ўнутры геаграфічных груп запісы храналагічна не ўпарадкаваны, а адны і тыя асобы атрымлівалі наданні ў розныя гады, што ўскладняе датаванне.[1]

Часта запісы згрупаваны, а дата з месцам выдання (эсхатакол) ёсць толькі для апошняга запісу ў групе. На думку літоўскага даследчыка Эўгеніюса Савішчэваса, магчыма, зыходныя дакументы мелі аднолькавыя эсхатаколы і складальнік Кнігі данін адкінуў іх пры запісе, каб не паўтарацца. Аднак, ёсць групы запісаў, выданых відавочна розным часам, але з адным эсхатаколам для апошняга ў групе, што яўна супярэчыць меркаванню Э. Савішчэваса.[1]

Такім чынам, пэўна датаваць запісаныя дакументы цяжка, для некаторых, паводле ўскосных прыкмет (імёны пісараў, ураднікаў, датычных складанню дакумента, іцінерарый гаспадара, параўнанне з іншымі дакументамі і інш.), можна вызначыць часавыя межы, але не заўсёды прыкметы ёсць і ў такім разе датаваць дакумент немагчыма. Так, сустракаецца датаванне 1440—1492 гадамі, т.б. агульным часам валадарства кар. і вял.кн. Казіміра, або карацейшымі, але ўсё адно значнымі прамежкамі часу, напрыклад, 1440—1458 гадамі, т.б. да смерці Яна Гаштольда.[3]

Упершыню апублікавана М. Доўнар-Запольскім ў 1897 годзе, потым двойчы перавыдавалася — у 1910 годзе ў складзе РГБ, і ў 1998 годзе ў літоўскім выданні 3-й кнігі запісаў. Неаднакроць вывучалася і вычучаецца гісторыкамі.[3]

Зноскі

  1. ↑ а б в Полехов 2014, с. 166.
  2. ↑ Полехов 2014, с. 164.
  3. ↑ а б в Полехов 2014, с. 165.

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