Кастылія

Герб
У паняцця ёсць і іншыя значэнні, гл. Кастылія, значэнні.

Касты́лія (ісп.: Castilla) — гістарычны рэгіён у Іспаніі, складаецца з дзвюх абласцей: Старой Кастыліі ў паўночна-заходняй Іспаніі, і Новай Кастыліі ў цэнтры краіны.

Раней усходняя вобласць каралеўствы Леон, Кастылія ў XI стагоддзі становіцца незалежнай дзяржавай са сталіцай у Бургасе, а пазней у Вальядалідзе, і вядучай сілай у 400-гадовай Рэканкісце паўночных хрысціянскіх дзяржаў цэнтральнай і паўднёвай Іспаніі супраць мусульманскага кіравання, якое дамінавала на паўвостраве з VIII стагоддзя.

Захоп Таледа ў 1085 годзе дадаў Новую Кастылію да тэрыторый кароны, і бітва ў Лас-Навас-дэ-Талоса (1212) адзначыла страту мусульманамі большай часткі Поўдня. Леон аб'яднаўся з Кастыліяй у 1230 годзе. Наступныя дзесяцігоддзі прынеслі заваяванне Кордавы (1236), Мурсіі (1243) і Севільі (1248).

Дынастычнае аб'яднанне каралеўстваў Кастыліі і Арагона ў 1469 годзе, калі Фердынанд Арагонскі жаніўся на Ізабеле I Кастыльскай, прывяло да фармальнага стварэння Іспаніі як адзінай дзяржавы ў 1516 годзе. Тэрыторыя, якая традыцыйна лічылася кастыльскай, цяпер адміністрацыйна падзелена на Іспанскія аўтаномныя супольнасці Кастылія і Леон, Кастылія — Ла-Манча, Рыёха і Мадрыд.

Мова Кастыліі стаў асноўнай мовай Іспаніі — вядомая многім, хто гаворыць на ёй, як кастэльяна (ісп.: el castellano), а мы завём яго проста — іспанская мова.

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