Геаграфічныя каардынаты

Каардынатная сфера

Геаграфічныя каардынаты — велічыні, якія вызначаюць становішча пункта на зямной паверхні адносна экватара і нулявога мерыдыяна (геаграфічная шырата і геаграфічная даўгата).

  • Шырата φ — вугал паміж лініяй адвеса, якая праходзіць праз дадзены пункт і цэнтр Зямлі, і плоскасцю экватара, які адлічвацца ад 0 да 90° у абодва бакі ад экватара. Геаграфічную шырату пунктаў, якія ляжаць у паўночным паўшар'і, (паўночная шырата) прынята лічыць дадатнай, шырату пунктаў у паўднёвым паўшар’і — адмоўнай.
  • Даўгата λ — вугал паміж плоскасцю мерыдыяна, які праходзіць праз дадзены пункт, і плоскасцю пачатковага нулявога мерыдыяна, ад якога вядзецца адлік даўготаў. На Зямлі нулявы мерыдыян праходзіць праз Грынвіч і завецца Грынвіцкім мерыдыянам. Даўготы ад 0 да 180° на ўсход ад нулявога мерыдыяна называюць усходнімі, на захад — заходнімі.

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