Анкіл

Выява Анкіла

Анкіл (лац.: Ancile) — у Старажытным Рыме легендарны шчыт бога Марса, які паводле падання зваліўся з неба пры цары Нуме Пампіліі яму ў рукі падчас мараой язвы. Цудоўная з'ява суправаджалася голасам, які абвясціў, што Рым будзе ўладаром свету, пакуль валодае гэтым шчытом. Даспех быў выкананы ў форме эліпса з выразамі па баках.

Шчыт стаў залогам бяспекі і росквіту рымскай дзяржавы (паладыем). Каб сапраўдны шчыт нельга было адрозніць і выкрасці, Нума распарадзіўся зрабіць яшчэ 11 такіх жа. Захоўванне Анкіла было даверана саліям, якія адпраўлялі культ Марса. Раз у год, у сакавіку, гэтыя 12 шчытоў члены жрэцкай калегіі саліяў урачыста праносілі па горадзе.

Выява Анкіла з'яўляецца традыцыйным элементам арнаментаў ваеннай арматуры. Розныя аўтары па рознаму тлумачылі этымалогію гэтага слова. Некаторыя мяркуюць, што слова «анкіл» паходзіць ад грэчаскага слова ἀνκύλος (выгнуты). Плутарх лічыць, што гэта слова можа быць атрымана з грэчаскага ἀνκών (локаць — гэта значыць гэта даспех, які насіўся на локці).

Літаратура

  • Ціт Лівій. Гісторыя Рыма ад заснавання Горада. I. 20.

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