Basa Bali

Aksara Latin
     
Basa Bali
BPS: 0096 0
bhāṣabali, basabali1
Bhāṣa Bali, Basä Bali1
WawidanganBali, Nusa Penida, Lombok miwah Jawa, Indonésia
EtnisWong Bali, Bali Aga, Nak Nusé
Penutur
3.300.000[1]
Perincian data penutur

Jumlah penutur beserta (jika ada) metode pengambilan, jenis, tanggal, dan tempat.

  • 3.300.000 (census-designated place, 2000, bahasa pertama)
Bentuk awal
  • Bali Kuna
    • Basa Bali
Latin, Bali
Status resmi
Diakui sebagai
basa minoritas di
Kode basa
ISO 639-2ban
ISO 639-3ban
Glottologbali1278[2]
IETFban
BPS (2010)0096 0
Status pemertahanan
C10
Kategori 10
Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa basa telah punah (Extinct)
C9
Kategori 9
Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa basa sudah ditinggalkan dan hanya segelintir yang menuturkannya (Dormant)
C8b
Kategori 8b
Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa basa hampir punah (Nearly extinct)
C8a
Kategori 8a
Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa basa sangat sedikit dituturkan dan terancam berat untuk punah (Moribund)
C7
Kategori 7
Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa basa mulai mengalami penurunan ataupun penutur mulai berpindah menggunakan basa lain (Shifting)
C6b
Kategori 6b
Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa basa mulai terancam (Threatened)
C6a
Kategori 6a
Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa basa masih cukup banyak dituturkan (Vigorous)
C5
Kategori 5
Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa basa mengalami pertumbuhan populasi penutur (Developing)
C4
Kategori 4
Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa basa digunakan dalam institusi pendidikan (Educational)
C3
Kategori 3
Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa basa digunakan cukup luas (Wider Communication)
C2
Kategori 2
Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa basa yang digunakan di berbagai wilayah (Provincial)
C1
Kategori 1
Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa basa nasional maupun basa resmi dari suatu negara (National)
C0
Kategori 0
Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa basa merupakan basa pengantar internasional ataupun basa yang digunakan pada kancah antar bangsa (International)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EGIDS SIL EthnologueC5 Developing
Basa Bali dikategorikan sebagai C5 Developing menurut SIL Ethnologue, artinya basa ini mengalami peningkatan jumlah penutur dari waktu ke waktu
Referensi: [3]

Lokasi penuturan
Basa Bali dados basa kapertama sareng basa mayoritas
Basa Bali dados basa minoritas
Basa Bali katuturang ring akedik miwah wantah marupa basa kadadua
Penutur basa Bali ring Lombok sareng basa Sasak
Peta
Peta
Perkiraan persebaran penuturan basa ini.
Koordinat: 8°21′S 115°5′E / 8.350°S 115.083°E / -8.350; 115.083 Uah ring Wikidata
Artikel ini mengandung simbol fonetik IPA. Tanpa bantuan render yang baik, Anda akan melihat tanda tanya, kotak, atau simbol lain, bukan karakter Unicode. Untuk pengenalan mengenai simbol IPA, lihat Bantuan:IPA.
 Portal Basa
L • B • PW   
Sunting kotak info  Lihat butir Wikidata  Info templat
Aksara Bali polih tedung.
Jadma sane maucap nganggen basa bali

Basa Bali (aksara Bali: basabali) inggih punika silih tunggil basa sané rumasuk soroh basa Austronésia (kasambat rumpun bahasa Austronesia ring basa Indonésia). Basa Bali kaanggén olih semeton Bali ring sajeroning miwah sajabaning nusa Bali, upaminyané ring Lombok miwah Jawa Kangin. Akéh panutur basa Bali punika sawatara 3,3 yuta diri (manut sénsus warsa 2000); panutur punika nganggén basa Bali pinaka basa asli utawi basa ibu. Akéhan kramané sané mabasa andap, tur maliha akéh sané ririh mabasa Indonésia.

Basa Bali punika madué undag-undagan sané mawasta sor singgih basa. Sor singgih basa taler kabaosang anggah ungguhing basa, taler kaangkat kabaos unda-usuk basa. Sakéwanten sané lumrah kabaos ring désa pakraman inggih punika sor singgih basa. Basa Bali wénten pepalihannyané minakadi:[4]

  • Basa Bali Alus. Basa Alus utawi basa singgih inggih punika basa sané kanggén nyungjungang utawi nyinggihang. Basa Bali Alus madué makudang-kudang soroh sekadi ring sor puniki:
    • Basa Bali Alus Singgih (a. si), kaanggén yéning nutur sareng sulinggih (brahman), sang sané namong jagat, pejabat sané mapangkat, tur jatma sané utama.
    • Basa Bali Alus Madia (a. ma), kaanggén yéning nutur nganggén basa alus, nanging nénten uning napiké sané katuturang punika patut kaluhurang utawi kasorang.
    • Basa Bali Alus Mider (a. mi), marupa basa alus sané ngrias kawigunan ipun ri kala mabebaosan marep ring wangsa sané tegehan utawi ring wangsa andapan sané patut jungjungang.
    • Basa Bali Alus Sor (a. so), kaanggén olih para jana yéning nuturang utawi nyambatang déwék ipun ri kala nutur saréng semeton sané kaluhurang. Basa alus sor kaanggé ngandapang raga ri kala matur–atur ring wangsa sané tegehan utawi sané patut singgihang. Kruna sané kaanggé matur marupa kruna alus sor.
  • Basa Bali Mider/Madia, kaanggén yéning ngobyahin majeng ring banjar, sekolah, miwah genah lianan sané makéh kramané drika. Basa puniki pangrasannyané nénten singgih utawi kasar, nanging basa punika kaanggén nyinggihang sang sané patut singgihang, tur wangsa andapan (jaba/kawula) lan anak sané durung kauningin.
  • Basa Bali Andap utawi Kapara, kaanggén ri tatkala nutur saréng timpal, semeton gelah, tur anak sané sampun kauningin saking dumunan.
  • Basa Bali Sor, inggih punika basa sané kaanggén mabebaosan marep ring sang sané kabaos; wangsa andapan, sesamén wangsa jaba, utawi pasawitran sané luket utawi ri kala maiyegan utawi marebat.
    • Basa kasamén/kapara (b. s), kruna lingganipun saking sami, polih panganter ka- rauhin pangiring -an dados kasamian, kasandiang dados kasamen. Dados basa kasamen artinipun basa sor sané dados kaanggén sareng sami saha wirasanipun nénten nyinggihang maliha ngandapang
    • Basa Bali Kasar (b. k), Basa kasar puniki taler marupa basa sor, sané katibakang marep ring pasawitran sané luket utawi ri kala maiyegan.

Fonologi

Vokal

Wénten 6 vokal ring Basa Bali:

Muka Tengah Duri
Tegeh i u
Mider e ə o
Sor a

Konsonan

Wénten 18 konsonan ring Basa Bali:

Bibir Gigi Langit2
Keras
Langit2
Lunak
Celah
Suara
Letup p b t d c ɟ k g
Sengau m n ɲ ŋ
Desis s h
Getar / Sisi r l
Hampiran w j

Galéri

Pustaka

  1. Basa Bali ring Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Balinese". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. "Basa Bali". www.ethnologue.com (ring Inggris). SIL Ethnologue.
  4. "Sor Singgih Basa Bali". ladra-bali.blogspot.com. Kaaksés 10 May 2019.

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