Yahve

Yehova ilə səhv salmayın.

E.ə. IV əsrə aid draxma (bir şekelin dörddə biri). Yehud Medinata (indiki İsrail), Əhəmənilər dövləti. Təxmin edilir ki, bu sikkədə Yahve təmsil edilib.^[1][2]

Yahve^[3] (ivr. ‏יַהְוֶה/𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄‏‎, jahˈwe; mənası – "rəbb")^[4] — iudaizm və xristianlıqda tanrının çoxsaylı adlarından biri, Cənubi İsrail və Yəhudi çarlıqlarında milli tanrı.^[5] Onun dəqiq mənşəyi mübahisəli bir mövzudur, lakin onun mənşəyi erkən dəmir dövrünə, hətta tunc dövrünə qədər gedib çatır.^[6][7] Onun adı Kənan xalqının dininin baş tanrısı olan Elin adından törəmiş ola bilər,^[8] ancaq Yahvenin adının ən erkən münasib sadalanması Qədim Misir mətnlərindədir. Bu mətnlərdə Transiordaniyanın cənubunda yaşayan Şasu köçəri tayfasıdır.^[9]

Ən qədim dini ədəbiyyat nümunələrində Yahve tipik bir Yaxın Şərq "döyüşçü tanrısı"dır, hansı ki, müqəddəs ordusunu İsrailin düşmənlərinə qarşı yürüdür.^[10] O, daha sonra İsrail və Yəhudi çarlıqlarının əsas tanrısına çevrilir.^[11] Vaxt keçdikcə saray və Yərusəlim məbədi Yahveni bütün kainatın hər bir ilah və ilahənin hər bir müsbət keyfiyyətini daşıyan tanrısı elan edir.^[12][13] Babiloniya sürgününün (e.ə. VI əsr) sonunda özgə tanrıların varlığı inkar edilir və Yahve bütün kainatın qurucusu, bütün dünyanın yeganə tanrısı hesab edilir.^[13]

Mənbə

İstinadlar

1. Van Der Toorn, 1999. səh. 766
2. Edelman, 1995. səh. 190
3. "Arxivlənmiş surət". 2021-06-18 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2023-05-18.
4. "Peyğəmbərlər". 25 avq 2020. 2023-05-18 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2023-05-18.
5. Miller, 1986. səh. 110
6. Smith, 2010. səh. 96-98
7. Miller, 2000. səh. 1
8. Dijkstra, 2001. səh. 92
9. Dever, 2003b. səh. 128
10. Hackett, 2001. səh. 158–59
11. Smith, 2002. səh. 72
12. Wyatt, 2010. səh. 69–70
13. Betz, 2000. səh. 917

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