Zenaida dove

For the genus, see Zenaida doves.

Zenaida dove
Male, St. Thomas, USVI
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1] I
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Columbiformes
Family:	Columbidae
Genus:	Zenaida
Species:	Z. aurita
Binomial name
Zenaida aurita (Temminck, 1809)

The Zenaida dove (Zenaida aurita) is a member of the bird family Columbidae,^[2] which includes doves and pigeons. It is the national bird of Anguilla, where it is locally referred to as "turtle dove".

Description

The Zenaida dove is approximately 28–30 cm (11–12 in) in length. It looks very similar to the mourning dove, but is smaller in size, has a shorter, more rounded tail, and is a bit more darkly colored. It is also distinguished from the mourning dove by showing white on the trailing edge of its wings while in flight. The mourning dove does not have the white trailing edge.

Breeding

It lays two white eggs on a flimsy platform, built on a tree or shrub.^[3] It also nests in rock crevices, and on grassy vegetation if no predators are present. It has been recorded that some birds have up to 4 broods per year. Eggs take approximately two weeks to hatch, and the young chicks typically fledge after only two weeks in the nest. Parents feed the young pigeon's milk, a nutrient rich substance regurgitated from its crop.^{[citation needed]}

Zenaida  White-winged dove (Z. asiatica) West Peruvian dove (Z. meloda) Zenaida dove (Z. aurita) Eared dove (Z. auriculata) Socorro dove (Z. graysoni) Mourning dove (Z. macroura)

Cladogram showing the positions of the doves in the genus Zenaida.[4]

Range, habitat and behaviour

Zenaida aurita aurita - MHNT

The Zenaida dove breeds throughout the Caribbean^[5] and the tip of the Yucatán Peninsula, an example habitat being in the Petenes mangroves. It was reported by John James Audubon to breed in the Florida Keys, but there are only three verifiable records from Florida. It is found in a variety of open and semi-open habitats. Its mournful cooOOoo-coo-coo-coo call is similar to the call of a mourning dove, but faster in pace.

The bird is resident and abundant over much of its range. Zenaida doves are commonly hunted as a game bird.

Diet

These birds forage on the ground, mainly eating grains and seeds, sometimes also on insects. Zenaida doves frequently feed close to water. They often swallow fine gravel to assist with digestion, and will also ingest salt from mineral rich soils or livestock salt licks. It is thought the salt aids in egg formation and/or production of pigeon milk.

The national bird of Anguilla

References

1. BirdLife International (2020). "Zenaida aurita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22690750A163499479. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22690750A163499479.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
2. "Pigeons and Doves (Family Columbidae)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2024-03-22.
3. "The Turtle Dove - My Anguilla Experience | My Anguilla Experience". www.myanguillaexperience.com. 2013-04-19. Retrieved 2024-03-22.
4. Banks, R.C.; Weckstein, J.D.; Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Johnson, K.P. (2013). "Classification of a clade of New World doves (Columbidae: Zenaidini)". Zootaxa. 3669 (2): 184–188. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3669.2.11. PMID 26312335.
5. "Bosque Estatal Monte Choca" (PDF). DRNA (in Spanish). Puerto Rico Department of Natural Resources.

• "National Geographic" Field Guide to the Birds of North America ISBN 0-7922-6877-6
• Handbook of the Birds of the World Vol 4, Josep del Hoyo editor, ISBN 84-87334-22-9
• World Wildlife Fund. 2010. Petenes mangroves. eds. Mark McGinley, C.Michael Hogan & C. Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC

External links

• Media related to Zenaida aurita at Wikimedia Commons

External audio
Dove Calls
Zenaida dove vocals