Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge

Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge

Yavuz Sultan Selim Köprüsü
Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge in Istanbul
Coordinates41°12′10″N 29°06′42″E / 41.2029°N 29.1116°E / 41.2029; 29.1116
Carries8 lanes of Motorway O-7 and 1 double-track railway
CrossesBosphorus
LocaleIstanbul
Official nameYavuz Sultan Selim Bridge
Other name(s)Third Bosphorus Bridge
Maintained byİçtaş-Astaldi consortium
Followed byFatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge
Characteristics
DesignHybrid cable-stayed suspension bridge
Total length2,164 m (7,100 ft)[1]
Width58.4 m (192 ft)[1]
Height322+ m (1,056+ ft)[1]
Longest span1,408 m (4,619 ft)[1]
History
DesignerJean-François Klein
Michel Virlogeux
T-ingénierie
Construction start2013
Construction cost4.5 billion TRY
Opened26 August 2016
Statistics
Toll$3.00
Location
Map

The Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge (Turkish: Yavuz Sultan Selim Köprüsü), also known as the Third Bosphorus Bridge,[2] is a vehicular bridge over the Bosphorus strait, to the north of Istanbuls's two older suspension bridges, the 15 July Martyrs Bridge being the First Bosphorus Bridge and Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge the Second Bosphorus Bridge. The bridge is located near the entrance to the Black Sea from the Bosphorus strait, between Garipçe in Sarıyer on the European side and Poyrazköy in Beykoz on the Asian side.[3]

The foundation stone was laid on 29 May 2013[4] and the bridge opened to traffic on 26 August 2016.[5][6]

At 322 m (1,056 ft), it is the world's fifth-tallest bridge of any type.[7] The main span is the 13th longest suspension bridge in the world.[8]It is also one of the world's widest suspension bridges,[9] at 58.4 metres (192 ft) across.[1]

Project

The bridge is part of the projected 260 km (160 mi) Northern Marmara Motorway (Turkish: Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu), which will bypass urban areas of northern Istanbul connecting Kınalı, Silivri in the west and Paşaköy, Hendek in the east. The 58.4-metre-wide (192 ft) bridge is 2,164 m (7,100 ft) in length with a main span of 1,408 m (4,619 ft).[10]

The view of the bridge with the seasonal turquoise waters.
A view of the bridge from the Bosphorus, south.

Designed by the Swiss engineer Jean-François Klein (project leader) and by the French structural engineer Michel Virlogeux from T-ingénierie (a Geneva-based company), the bridge is a combined road-rail bridge. It carries four motorway lanes and one railway track in each direction. The construction was carried out by a consortium of the Turkish company İçtaş and the Italian company Astaldi which won the bid to construct it on 30 May 2012. The budgeted cost for the bridge was 4.5 billion TRY (approximately US$2.5 billion as of March 2013). Construction was originally expected to be completed in 36 months with the opening date scheduled for the end of 2015.[11][12]

According to the Minister of Transport and Communication Binali Yıldırım, of the total area nationalised for the bridge, 9.57% was private property, 75.24% was forested land, and the remaining 15.19% was state-owned land.[13]

In June 2018, iduring the Turkish currency and debt crisis, Bloomberg reported that Astaldi and Webuild,[2] an Italian multinational construction company, were poised to sell their stake in the project for $467 million.[14] The project had failed to meet projections, requiring Ankara to boost operators' revenue from treasury coffers,[15] and since early 2018 the partners in the joint venture sought restructuring of $2.3 billion of debt from creditors.[16] On July 30, 2018, China's ICBC was authorized as the lead regulator to refinance the $2.7 billion loan for the bridge.[17]

The bridge toll is set to be 9.90 between the motorway exits Odayeri and Paşaköy. It is expected that at least 135,000 vehicles will use the bridge daily in each direction.

Construction

A view of the bridge at night.

Plans for a third Bosphorus bridge were approved by the Ministry of Transportation in 2012. The construction of the project was awarded to the İçtaş-Astaldi consortium on 29 May 2012.[18]

Construction began officially with the laying of the foundation stone in a ceremony held on 29 May 2013, the anniversary of the conquest of Constantinople in 1453. The ceremony was attended by the then State President Abdullah Gül, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and numerous high-ranking officials. Erdoğan directed the construction management team to complete construction within 24 months, and set the opening date for 29 May 2015.

Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge from Poyrazköy on October 26, 2018.

Work was temporarily halted in July 2013 after it became evident that the site was poorly located,[19] but by then thousands of trees had already been cut down.[20] The paperwork filed for a change of plan written by the State Highways Directorate Director-General Mehmet Cahit Turhan on 11 June 2013, reads "it is appropriate to cancel the current construction plan due to the necessity of making a revision, which resulted from changes of the route project".[19] Both the ministry and the construction company have denied any change to the site location.[21]


On 5 April 2014, a fatal accident occurred during construction of the link road to the bridge on the Asian side of the Bosphorus near Çavuşbaşı, Beykoz. Three workers were killed and another was injured when he fell from collapsed scaffolding while concrete was being poured at a viaduct.[22][23]

Name of the bridge

Ninth Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Selim I (1470–1520)

At the ground-breaking ceremony President Abdullah Gül announced that the bridge would be named the Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, in honour of Ottoman Sultan Selim I (c. 1470–1520), who expanded the Ottoman Empire into the Middle East and North Africa in 1514–1517 and obtained the title of Caliph of Islam for the Ottoman dynasty after his conquest of Egypt in 1517.[24] He was nicknamed Yavuz, traditionally translated in English as "Grim", but closer to "Stern" or "Implacable" in Turkish.[25]

The choice of name led to protests by Turkey's Alevi community because of Sultan Selim I's alleged role in the Ottoman persecution of Alevis.[26] After the Şahkulu Rebellion (1511) in Anatolia, and the Battle of Chaldiran (1514) in northwestern Iran, during which the Kızılbaş warriors of the Alevis in eastern Anatolia (who adhere to the Shia sect of Islam) sided with Shah Ismail I of Safavid Persia, the victorious Selim I ordered the massacre of the Kızılbaş whom he considered traitors and heretics (see also Ottoman–Safavid relations and Ottoman–Persian Wars).[27]

Controversy surrounding the bridge

Land prices in the less urbanized areas on both sides of the Bosphorus immediately soared in expectation of an urbanization boom thanks to the new cross-water connection, according to Ekumenopolis, a documentary film of 2010 about the area.[28] The efficacy of the proclaimed goal of easing traffic congestion was also challenged, with some claiming that "the project is little more than a contrivance to open for development lands that had been long protected by law".[29] Many consider the green areas and wetlands in question, producing most of the drinking water for the city, to be "essential for Istanbul's ecological and economic sustainability, and a possible pollution of the groundwater would provoke the collapse of the city".[30] In 1995, Erdoğan, then mayor of Istanbul, had himself declared that a third bridge would mean "the murder of the city".[29][31][32]

Opening ceremony

The opening ceremony on 26 August 2016 was attended by Bulgarian Prime Minister Boyko Borisov, Bosniak president of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bakir Izetbegović, Macedonian President Gjorge Ivanov, the King of Bahrain Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa and President of the self-declared state of Northern Cyprus Mustafa Akıncı.[5] Also, Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan) Shahbaz Sharif, Sandžak Bosniak Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia Rasim Ljajić, First Vice Prime Minister of Georgia Dimitri Kumsishvili and high-ranking officials from Azerbaijan also attended the opening ceremony.[33] Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım delivered speeches.[5]

Galleries

Stages of construction

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu" (PDF) (in Turkish). KGM. p. 22. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  2. ^ a b "History, numbers and secrets of the third Bosphorus bridge". webuildvalue.com. 29 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  3. ^ "Turkey Unveils Route for Istanbul's Third Bridge". Anatolian Agency. 29 April 2010. Archived from the original on 19 June 2010.
  4. ^ "Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, Istanbul". roadtraffic-technology.com. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  5. ^ a b c "3rd Bosphorus bridge opening ceremony". TRT World. 25 August 2016. Archived from the original on 28 August 2016.
  6. ^ "Istanbul's mega project Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge to open in large ceremony". The Daily Sabah. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  7. ^ "3. köprü yüzünü gösterdi, Bakan 3. köprüyü Habertürk'e tanıttı". 13 July 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  8. ^ "İşte 3. köprü güzergahı". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 2010-04-29. Retrieved 2013-03-30.
  9. ^ Yackley, Ayla (August 26, 2016). "Turkey opens bridge between continents in megaproject drive". Reuters.
  10. ^ "3. Boaz Kprs ve Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu". 3kopru.com.
  11. ^ "3. Köprü Nereye Yapılacak, Ne Zaman Bitecek". Bir Saniye (in Turkish). 2012-09-26. Archived from the original on 2013-04-02. Retrieved 2013-03-30.
  12. ^ "İşte 3. Boğaz Köprüsü". Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 2012-07-13. Archived from the original on 2012-07-16. Retrieved 2013-03-30.
  13. ^ "3. köprüden geçiş ücretleri belli oldu". Sabah (in Turkish). 2013-02-22. Retrieved 2013-03-30.
  14. ^ "Astaldi May Fetch More Than What It Needs in Istanbul Bridge Sale". Bloomberg. 6 June 2018.
  15. ^ "İşte köprü gerçekleri". Hurriyet (in Turkish). 2 July 2017.
  16. ^ "Turkish Banks Face Rising Pile of Debt-Restructuring Demands". Bloomberg News. Bloomberg. 31 May 2018.
  17. ^ "China's ICBC authorized to refinance $2.7B loan for two Turkish megaprojects". Daily Sabah. 30 July 2018.
  18. ^ "3. Köprü ihalesini İçtaş-Astaldi yapacak". CNN Türk. 29 May 2012.
  19. ^ a b "Controversy over third Bosphorus bridge's route change - Latest News". Hürriyet Daily News. 12 July 2013.
  20. ^ "Controversial Third Bosphorus Span in Istanbul Becomes the Bridge that No One Wanted to Build".
  21. ^ "Controversy over third Bosphorus bridge's route change – ECONOMICS". hurriyetdailynews.com. 12 July 2013.
  22. ^ Kaya, Hakan (2014-04-06). "3. Köprü inşaatında facia". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2015-03-25.
  23. ^ "Japanese engineer commits suicide after İzmit bridge cable snaps". Today's Zaman. 2015-03-23. Archived from the original on 2015-03-24. Retrieved 2015-03-25.
  24. ^ "Third Bosphorus bridge to be called 'Yavuz Sultan Selim' - Latest News". Hürriyet Daily News. 8 July 2013.
  25. ^ "Istanbul's new $3 billion bridge has a very divisive name". The Washington Post. 2016-08-27. Archived from the original on 2022-05-19.
  26. ^ Christiane Schlötzer: Osmanische Träume. Bauprojekte in der Türkei. Süddeutsche.de vom 3. Juni 2013.
  27. ^ Kohn, George C. (2007). Dictionary of Wars. Infobase Publishing. p. 385. ISBN 978-0-8160-6577-6.
  28. ^ Part of the film available on YouTube, accessed 18 September 2011.
  29. ^ a b Finkel, Andrew (16 November 2011). "The Bridge to Nowhere".
  30. ^ Gürsoy & Hüküm (2006), Interview with the president of Istanbul's Architect association
  31. ^ "It's Still a Bridge Too Far (Pt2) - the Backbencher". Archived from the original on 2013-09-12. Retrieved 2013-09-19.
  32. ^ Constanze Letsch (8 June 2012). "Plan for new Bosphorus bridge sparks row over future of Istanbul". the Guardian.
  33. ^ "Yavuz Sultan Selim Köprüsü bugün açılıyor". CNN Türk. 26 August 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.

Sources

External links

Baca informasi lainnya:

Ikatan kimia adalah sebuah proses fisika yang bertanggung jawab dalam interaksi gaya tarik menarik antara dua atom atau molekul yang menyebabkan suatu senyawa diatomik atau poliatomik menjadi stabil.[1] Penjelasan mengenai gaya tarik menarik ini sangatlah rumit dan dijelaskan oleh elektrodinamika kuantum. Dalam praktiknya, para kimiawan biasanya bergantung pada teori kuantum atau penjelasan kualitatif yang kurang kaku (namun lebih mudah untuk dijelaskan) dalam menjelaskan ikatan kimia. S…

Highest mountain in Greece This article is about the mountain in Thessaly. For the Martian inactive volcano, see Olympus Mons. For other mountains with this same name, see List of peaks named Olympus. For other uses, see Olympus. Mount OlympusImage of Mount Olympus in daytimeHighest pointPeakMytikasElevation2,917.727 m (9,572.60 ft)[1]Prominence2,353 m (7,720 ft)[2]Parent peakElferkofel[2]Isolation254 km (158 mi) ListingCountry high…

Spanish writer and journalist Barril in 2011 Joan Barril i Cuixart (20 January 1952 – 13 December 2014) was a Catalan journalist and writer. He was born in Barcelona, Spain. He was known for his writing columns in El País, La Vanguardia, and in El Periódico de Catalunya. In 1998, he won the Ramon Llull Novel Award for Parada obligatòria.[1] Barril died in Barcelona from pneumonia, aged 62.[2] References ^ Joan Barril gana el Ramon Llull con una obra sobre la crisis de lo…

デルトラ・クエスト ジャンル ハイ・ファンタジー、冒険、アクション 小説 著者 エミリー・ロッダ 出版社 Scholastic 岩崎書店 刊行期間 2001年4月1日 - 2005年3月1日 2002年8月19日 - 2005年6月19日 巻数 全8巻(第1シリーズ)全3巻(第2シリーズ)全4巻(第3シリーズ)(+ファンブック5巻) 漫画:デルトラクエスト 原作・原案など エミリー・ロッダ 作画 にわのまこと 出版社 講談

АманвіллеAmanvillers   Країна  Франція Регіон Гранд-Ест  Департамент Мозель  Округ Мец Кантон Маранж-Сьйванж Код INSEE 57017 Поштові індекси 57865 Координати 49°10′03″ пн. ш. 6°02′37″ сх. д.H G O Висота 245 - 362 м.н.р.м. Площа 9,76 км² Населення 2087 (01-2020[1]) Густота 223,26 ос./км² Р…

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité de Castille-et-León. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Peralejos de Abajo Héraldique Drapeau Musée ethnographique Administration Pays Espagne Communauté autonome Castille-et-León Province Province de Salamanque Comarque Tierra de Vitigudino District judic. Vitigudino Maire Mandat Alfonso Castilla (PP) 2015 Code postal 37216 Démographie Gentil

У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Окінава. Префектура Окінава  Прапор Префектура на карті ЯпоніїКраїна ЯпоніяРегіон КюшюЦентр НахаКод 47000-7ISO JP-47Площа 2276,15 км²[1]Населення 1 407 531 осіб (Станом на 1 липня 2012)Густота 618 осіб/км²Зв'язок Офіційна сторі

Area in Northern California, U.S. This article is about the portion of the Santa Clara Valley. For the reservation in Mendocino County, see Coyote Valley Reservation. For valley in Colorado sometimes known as Coyote Valley, see Kawuneeche Valley. Coyote ValleyA view across the Coyote Valley towards Morgan Hill from Santa Teresa County Park, April 1, 2006Floor elevation260 feet (79 m) at Coyote, California[1]Length7 miles Northwest to SoutheastWidth2 milesGeographyLocationCalifor…

زلزال كانتو الكبير 1923 زلزال كانتو الكبير 1923 معلومات التاريخ 1 سبتمبر 1923 البلد اليابان  الوقت 11:58:44 ت ع م مكان الزلزال منطقة كانتو ،جزيرة هونشو، اليابان إحداثيات 35°06′N 139°30′E / 35.1°N 139.5°E / 35.1; 139.5 القوة 8.3 ريختر النتائج الوفيات 105385   المناطق المتضررة  اليابان ت…

Artillery tractor M8 High-Speed Tractor M8E2 high speed tractor 1954TypeArtillery tractorPlace of origin United StatesService historyUsed byUS ArmyProduction historyManufacturerAllis-ChalmersProduced1950 to 1955SpecificationsMass54,000 lb (24,000 kg)Length22 ft (6.731 m)Width10 ft 11 in (3.327 m)Height10 ft (3.048 m)Crew1 + 1ArmornoneMainarmament1 x 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) anti-aircraft machine gunEngineContinental AOS-895-3 six-cylinder air-cooled petrol engine863 hp (6…

English conspiracy theorist, author, broadcaster, and former football player (born 1952) David IckeIcke in 2013BornDavid Vaughan Icke (1952-04-29) 29 April 1952 (age 71)Leicester, EnglandOccupation(s)Conspiracy theorist,[1] former sports broadcaster and football playerMovementNew Age conspiracismWebsitedavidicke.com David Vaughan Icke (/vɔːn aɪk/; born 29 April 1952) is an English conspiracy theorist and a former footballer and sports broadcaster.[1][2][3]…

Professional wrestling stable This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Ministry of Darkness – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Professional wrestling stable Ministry of DarknessThe Undertaker, leader of The Ministry of Darkne…

Path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body Oral administration of a liquid. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.[1] Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is. A…

Form of telegraph receiver which converted incoming electrical signals into sounds This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Telegraph sounder – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)Telegraph Sounder A telegraph sounder is an antique …

1993 film by Yoshiaki Kawajiri Ninja ScrollTheatrical release posterJapanese nameKanji獣兵衛忍風帖TranscriptionsRevised HepburnJūbē Ninpūchō Directed byYoshiaki KawajiriWritten byYoshiaki KawajiriProduced byShigeru KitayamaMasako FukuyoKazuhiko IkeguchiStarringKōichi YamaderaEmi ShinoharaTakeshi AonoDaisuke GōriToshihiko SekiShūichirō MoriyamaCinematographyHitoshi YamaguchiEdited byHarutoshi OgataYukiko ItōMusic byKaoru WadaProductioncompanies JVC Toho Movic Madhouse Animate Film …

Part of the pelvis in human anatomy Pubic archFemale pelvis (pubic arch labeled at bottom center)Male pelvis (pubic arch labeled at bottom center)DetailsIdentifiersLatinarcus pubicusTA98A02.5.02.003TA21284FMA16951Anatomical terms of bone[edit on Wikidata] The pubic arch, also referred to as the ischiopubic arch, is part of the pelvis. It is formed by the convergence of the inferior rami of the ischium and pubis on either side, below the pubic symphysis. The angle at which they converge is kn…

Lima Hiệu kỳẤn chươngTên hiệu: City of the KingsKhẩu hiệu: Hoc signum vere regum estLima Province and Lima within PeruLimaTọa độ: 12°02.6′N 77°1.7′T / 12,0433°N 77,0283°T / -12.0433; -77.0283 Quốc gia PeruKhu vựcLima RegionTỉnhLima ProvinceSettledJanuary 18, 1535Người sáng lậpFrancisco Pizarro Chính quyền • Thị trưởngJorge Muñoz (2019-2022)Diện tích •&#…

2018 TV series or program PorndemicFilm posterDirected byBrendan Spookie DalyProductionProducersBrendan Spookie DalyEvan KraussOriginal releaseRelease December 7, 2018 (2018-12-07)[1] Porndemic is a 2018 documentary film about an HIV outbreak within the pornography industry in California's San Fernando Valley, during the 1990s. The film premiered on Showtime.[1] It was directed by Brendan Spookie Daly and features interviews with several porn actors and actres…

For the Scottish comedian, see The Wee Man (comedian). 2013 British gangster film This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Wee Man – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Wee ManFilm posterDirected byRay BurdisStarringPatrick …

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2011) Dams and reservoirs in China are numerous and have had a profound effect on the country's development and people. According to the World Commission on Dams in 2000, there were 22,104 dams over the height of 15 m (49 ft) operating in China. Of the world's total large dams, China accounts for the most – 20 percent of them; 45 percent of which are used for irrigation. Accordingly, the oldest in China still in u…

Buenaventura Durruti Buenaventura Durruti Dumange (* 14. Juli 1896 in León; † 20. November 1936 in Madrid) war ein spanischer Anarchist, Syndikalist und Revolutionär. Als gewählter Führer einer republikanischen Elitekolonne war er eine der zentralen Figuren im Spanischen Bürgerkrieg. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 1.1 Frühe Jahre 1.2 Generalstreik in Spanien und erstes Exil 1.3 Rückkehr nach Spanien 1.4 Zweites Exil und internationale Aktivitäten 1.5 Zweite Rückkehr nach Spanien 1.6 Spani…

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع المسجد الكبير (توضيح). 34°53′01″N 1°18′38″W / 34.8837°N 1.31048°W / 34.8837; -1.31048 جامع تلمسان الكبير إحداثيات 34°53′24″N 1°19′12″W / 34.890°N 1.320°W / 34.890; -1.320 معلومات عامة القرية أو المدينة تلمسان الدولة  الجزائر تاريخ بدء البناء 1136م /530 هـ المواصفات …

Not to be confused with the French-built 155 mm Creusot Long Tom, a Boer War artillery piece. Towed field artillery M1 155 mm Long Tom Long Tom in travelling position, US Army Ordnance Museum.TypeTowed field artilleryPlace of originUnited StatesService historyUsed byUnited States Italy Australia Greece Austria Japan Jordan South Korea Republic of China Turkey Pakistan Croatia South Africa United Kingdom Yugoslavia NetherlandsWarsWorld War II Korean War Cambodian Civil War Croatian…

Artikel atau bagian mungkin perlu ditulis ulang agar sesuai dengan standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat membantu memperbaikinya. Halaman pembicaraan dari artikel ini mungkin berisi beberapa saran. Artikel ini mungkin terlalu panjang untuk dibaca dan dipahami secara nyaman. Silakan pertimbangkan untuk membagi konten di dalam artikel ini menjadi beberapa artikel lain jika layak. Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang kabupaten. Untuk ibu kota kabupaten yang lama bernama sama, lihat Maros (kota). Unt…

Hindu temple in Bangkok This article is about the main Hindu temple in Thailand. For devasthana in general, see Hindu temple. DevasathanThe Divine Halls inside the Devasathan in BangkokReligionAffiliationHinduismDistrictPhra NakhonProvinceBangkokDeityShiva and VishnuFestivalsTriyampawai ceremonyLocationLocation268, Ban Dinso Road, Sao Chingcha Subdistrict, Phra Nakhon District, Bangkok, ThailandCountryThailandLocation within BangkokGeographic coordinates13°45′9.1368″N 100°30′2.1924″E&#…

Canadian politician Alfred WaddingtonBornOctober 2, 1801Brompton, London, EnglandDiedFebruary 26, 1872(1872-02-26) (aged 70)Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaEducationUniversity of GöttingenOccupation(s)Politician, author, businessman Alfred Penderell Waddington (October 2, 1801 – February 26, 1872), during his later years, was actively involved in the Colony of Vancouver Island in what later became the province of British Columbia, Canada. From 1860 to 1861 he was a representative of the Victo…

Article II of al-Masihi's Al-Tibb al-Kulli (a treatise on medicine). Copy created in western Iran or Anatolia, dated 1232-3 Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi al-Jurjani (Persian: ابو سهل عيسى‌ بن‌ يحيى مسيحی گرگانی) was a Christian Persian[1][2] physician,[3] from Gorgan, east of the Caspian Sea, in Iran. He was the teacher of Avicenna. He wrote an encyclopedic treatise on medicine of one hundred chapters (al-mā'a fi-l-sanā'a al-tabi'iyyah…

Dutch footballer This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Ortwin Linger Personal informationDate of birth (1967-09-17)17 September 1967Place of birth Paramaribo, SurinameDate of death 10 June 1989(1989-06-10) (aged 21)Place of death Zanderij Airp…

الرئيس الأمريكي باراك أوباما يلقي خطابه في جامعة القاهرة في 4 يونيو 2009. بداية جديدة (بالإنجليزية: A New Beginning)‏ اسم سُمّيت به خطبة ألقاها الرئيس الأمريكي باراك أوباما في 4 يونيو 2009، في قاعة الاستقبال الكبرى في جامعة القاهرة في عاصمة جمهورية مصر العربية القاهرة،[1] وشاركت جام…

Antitank, vehicle mine Type 99 mine A Type 99 mine at the Imperial War Museum in London. Note the four magnets and the protruding fuze, and the missing safety pin.TypeAntitank, vehicle minePlace of origin Empire of JapanService historyIn service1939 - 1945WarsSecond Sino-Japanese War, World War IISpecificationsMass1.21 kgHeight4 cmDiameter12 cmFillingTNT/RDXFilling weight1.5 lb (680 g)DetonationmechanismTimed fuse, magnetic starter The Type 99 (H…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya