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Xam Neua

ເມືອງຊຳເໜືອ
Sam Neua or Samneua
Xam Neua ເມືອງຊຳເໜືອ Sam Neua or Samneua
District & municipality
	Xam Neua District
	Xam Neua Location in Laos
	Coordinates: 20°24′54″N 104°02′53″E / 20.415°N 104.048°E
Country	Laos
Admin. division	Houaphanh Province
Population (2015)
• Total	56,900
• Religions	Buddhism
Time zone	UTC+7 (ICT)

Xam Neua (Lao: ຊຳເໜືອ, romanized: Sam Nư̄a, pronounced [sám nɯ̌a], sometimes transcribed as Sam Nuea or Samneua, literally 'northern swamp'; French: Xam-Nua), is the capital of Houaphanh Province, Laos, in northeast Laos.

History

After fleeing from Phrae, deposed king Phiriya Thepphawong escaped from Northern Thailand to Luang Prabang, residing in Xam Neua from 1903-1909.^[2]

Demographics

Residents are mostly Lao, Vietnamese, and Hmong, with some Tai Dam, Tai Daeng, and Tai Lue. The predominant language is Lao with Vietnamese and Hmong-speaking minorities. French is spoken by a small minority of people as a legacy of the French colonial era. It is taught in schools and used in public works and government.

Climate

Climate data for Xam Neua, elevation 1,000 m (3,300 ft), (1990–2019)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	20.3 (68.5)	22.9 (73.2)	26.2 (79.2)	28.6 (83.5)	29.1 (84.4)	29.1 (84.4)	28.7 (83.7)	28.3 (82.9)	27.2 (81.0)	24.9 (76.8)	23.0 (73.4)	20.0 (68.0)	25.7 (78.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	9.7 (49.5)	10.7 (51.3)	13.5 (56.3)	16.8 (62.2)	19.2 (66.6)	20.7 (69.3)	20.7 (69.3)	20.4 (68.7)	19.2 (66.6)	17.2 (63.0)	13.8 (56.8)	10.4 (50.7)	16.0 (60.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	20 (0.8)	8 (0.3)	47 (1.9)	111 (4.4)	190 (7.5)	198 (7.8)	283 (11.1)	284 (11.2)	210 (8.3)	95 (3.7)	28 (1.1)	13 (0.5)	1,487 (58.6)
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations^[3]

Daily life

Xam Neua is in a valley in Houaphanh Province. At 05:45 and 17:45 each day there are public addresses from loudspeakers atop a tower on the school playground, expounding on communist life and philosophy. These addresses are usually accompanied by Lao music.^{[citation needed]}

It is said that there is a communist re-education camp in Xam Neua and that it was the Pathet Lao capital during the Laotian Civil War Battle of Lima Site 85 (LS-85), 11 March 1968. It is near the Pathet Lao refuges in the Viengxay caves, which the Lao government hopes to promote as a tourism destination similar to the Củ Chi tunnels near Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam and the Killing Fields Memorial near Phnom Penh in Cambodia. It is near Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area (pronounced "naam et poo loo-ee").^[4]