The visible white hairs are a unique characteristic of the Bai Hao Yinzhen tea
White tea may refer to one of several styles of tea which generally feature young or minimally processed leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant.[1]
Currently there is no generally accepted definition of white tea and very little international agreement on how it can be defined. Some sources use the term to refer tea that is merely dried with no additional processing.[2] Therefore, white tea is very close to the natural state of the tea plant. Other sources use the term to refer to tea made from the buds and immature tea leaves picked shortly before the buds have fully opened and allowed to wither and dry under the sun,[citation needed] while others include tea buds and very young leaves which have been steamed or fired before drying.[3] Most definitions agree, however, that white tea is not rolled or oxidized,[citation needed] resulting in a flavor characterized as "lighter" than most green or traditional black teas.
In spite of its name, brewed white tea is pale yellow. Its name derives from the fine silvery-white hairs on the unopened buds of the tea plant, which give the plant a whitish appearance. The unopened buds are used for some types of white tea.
What is today known as white tea may have come into creation in the last two centuries; scholars and tea merchants generally disagree as to when the first production of white tea (as it is understood in China today) began. White tea may have first appeared in English publication in 1876, where it was categorized as a black tea, because the leaves are not steamed first as in the making of green tea in order to denature intrinsic oxidative enzymes.[5]
White tea is often sold as Silvery Tip Pekoe in the style of the tea leaf grading system, as well as under the simple designations China White and Fujian White.[4]
Some tea from the related wild Camellia taliensis in Yunnan is made using white tea processing techniques.
Composition
White tea, like black and green tea, is made from the Camellia sinensis plant and contains polyphenols, a set of phytonutrients that are thought to be responsible for the health effects of tea.[6][7] Different white teas have different amounts of catechins, a category of polyphenols, and the overall range of concentrations overlaps with that of green tea, meaning that some white teas have the same concentration of polyphenols as some green teas. This may be due to the variety of the tea plant from which the tea was picked, the cultivation technique, and the way in which the tea was processed.[8]
Caffeine content
White tea generally contains less caffeine than green or black tea. However, the exact amount can vary depending on several factors such as the type of tea, how it's brewed, and the brand. Here's a general comparison:
White Tea: The caffeine content in white tea can range from 6 to 55 mg per cup (250 mL)[9]
Green Tea: A 250mL cup of green tea contains around 30 mg of caffeine[10]
Black Tea: The caffeine content in black tea is around 50 mg per cup (250 mL)[11]
Manufacturing
The base process for manufacturing white tea is as follows:
Fresh tea leaf → withering → drying (air drying, solar drying or mechanical drying) → white tea[12]
White tea belongs to the group of tea that does not require panning, rolling or shaking. However, the selection of raw material in white tea manufacture is extremely stringent; only the plucking of young tea leaves with much fine hair can produce good-quality white tea of a high pekoe (grading) value.[12]
Plucking Style
Four primary plucking styles exist for Chinese white teas. The first, and highest quality, Baihao Yinzhen, is just the bud of the tea plant. Bai Mudan white tea is typically composed of one bud and two leaves. Gongmei white tea is similar to Bai Mudan, but includes three to four leaves. The lowest grade of white tea, Shoumei, has many leaves and few buds.[13]
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