Footnotes / references Subsidiaries according to the Wesfarmers 2023 Annual Report[2]
Wesfarmers Limited is an Australian conglomerate, headquartered in Perth, Western Australia. It has interests predominantly in Australia and New Zealand, operating in retail, chemical, fertiliser, industrial and safety products. With revenue of A$43.5 billion in the 2023 financial year,[2] it is one of Australia's largest companies by revenue. Wesfarmers is also one of the largest private employers in Australia, with approximately 107,000 employees.[2]
Wesfarmers was founded in 1914 as a co-operative to provide services and merchandise to Western Australian farmers. It was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange in 1984 and grew into a major retail conglomerate.
History
1930s letterhead with company details of that time
Westralian Farmers Co‐operative Limited was formed in 1914 as a cooperative company by the Farmers' and Settlers' Association of Western Australia, to acquire the assets of the West Australian Producers' Union, to be focused on the provision of services and merchandise to the Western Australianrural community.[3][4] By 1919, more than 65 local co-operative companies were acting as agents for Westralian Farmers Limited.[5]
In 1924, it established the first public radio station in Western Australia with 6WF, before it passed into the hands of the Australian Broadcasting Commission in 1929, now called ABC Radio Perth
The organisation was linked with the activities of the Co-operative Federation of Western Australia.[6]
By the 1940s, the company's business included "being wheat and general merchants; country distribution for Commonwealth Oil Refineries; wool, livestock, skin and produce auctioneers; grain & fruit exporters; insurance underwriters; acquiring agents for the wheat pool of W.A." Known as Westralian Farmers Limited, it had premises in various locations within the Perth central business district. In the 1940s there were premises at 563-571 Wellington Street. It also had premises in Newman Street in Fremantle.
In 1949, Wesfarmers acquired Ashburton Transport, which at the time was lossmaking. The following year it also acquired its major competitor Gascoyne Trading, combining the operations of the two companies to supply the northwest of Western Australia. Along with wool and mail, it carted bananas from Carnarvon to Perth, returning with stores and mail from Perth. Gascoyne Trading introduced refrigerated transport to the region and three trailer road trains that now carry loads up to 115 tonnes.[7][8][9]
In 1984, Westralian Farmers Co-operative Limited formed Wesfarmers Limited, restructuring from a co-operative to a public company and listed on the Australian Securities Exchange on 15 November 1984. Initially the Co-operative retained 60% of the ordinary shares, guaranteeing that the co-op's farmer members retained control, and the rest was distributed to its members.[10]
In 1991, 19 m3 of the records of Westralian Farmers Co-operative were deposited with the J S Battye Library in Perth.
Rural business, Dalgety Farmers and Wesfarmers Landmark
Bought in January 1993 the integration of Dalgety Farmers with Wesfarmers proved more difficult than expected. For a time the merged rural agency and merchandise business was Wesfarmers Dalgety until renamed Wesfarmers Landmark in March 2001 after IAMA Limited was brought in. Landmark, Wesfarmers foundation business, was sold to AWB Limited (originally the Australia Wheat Board) in August 2003.[11]
Bunnings
An initial investment in 10 percent of Bunnings in February 1987 reached full ownership in January 1994. Bunnings bought UK retailer Homebase in February 2016 and Britain's first Bunnings store opened twelve months later in February 2017.[11] They were 265 well-located stores and Wesfarmers believed Bunnings' management would greatly improve their modest profits. The plan was to make changes gently but tactics changed and local management, perceived as under-performing, was removed and replaced by expatriate management. The expatriate management's changes alienated the existing customer base and, aided by a poor retailing climate, brought a rapid decline into losses. A strategic review by Wesfarmers resulted in the May 2018 sale of the Homebase business to Hilco Capital at a loss of A$1.96 billion.[12]
In 2001, Wesfarmers became a freely-traded publicly listed company with open ownership.[10] After becoming a public company, Wesfarmers diversified its interests by acquiring other businesses.
Divisions
Bunnings Group
Bunnings Warehouse is a retailer of home improvement and outdoor living products, servicing home and commercial customers in Australia and New Zealand. There are 210 Bunnings "warehouse" (larger) stores, 67 Bunnings small-format stores, 36 Bunnings Trade centres. Bunnings employs more than 33,000 staff.[13][needs update]
In January 2016, Home Retail Group accepted an offer from Wesfarmers to acquire the British home improvement retailer and garden centre Homebase. Stores in the United Kingdom and Ireland began to be rebranded as Bunnings following the takeover.[14] However, following Wesfarmer's sale of Homebase to Hilco in May 2018,[15] it was reported that the 24 stores already converted would return to the "Homebase" branding.[15]
Kmart Group
Kmart is a discount department store retailer in Australia and New Zealand. Kmart has more than 300 stores around Australia and New Zealand, employing more than 42,000 staff.[13][failed verification]Kmart Tyre & Auto Service is no longer a part of Kmart after parent Wesfarmers sold the auto division to German company Continental AG.[16] Kmart Tyre and Auto has since been rebranded by Continental AG to MyCar.
Target is a mid-level department store retailer in Australia. Target employs more than 12,000 staff.[13] Target Australia has no connection to the American retailer of the same name.
Officeworks
Officeworks is a retailer and supplier of office products for home, business and education in Australia.
In 2019, Officeworks group acquired Geeks2U, an Australian provider of on-site information, communication and technology services.[17]
Chemicals, Energy and Fertilisers
Wesfarmers Chemicals, Energy & Fertilisers (WesCEF) produces and markets chemicals, fertilisers and gas products. WesCEF has ammonia and ammonium nitrate production facilities in Western Australia, 50% of QNP ammonium nitrate production facilities in Queensland, sodium cyanide production facilities in Western Australia, PVC resin and specialty chemicals production facilities in Victoria, LPG and LNG production facilities in Western Australia and fertiliser production and importation facilities in Western Australia. WesCEF employs more than 1,500 staff. WesCEF businesses include CSBP, Australian Vinyls, AGR, QNP, Covalent Lithium, Kleenheat and Modwood.
Industrial and Safety
Wesfarmers Industrial and Safety provides industrial and safety products and services in Australia and New Zealand.[18] On 1 December 2014, Wesfamers Industrial and Safety completed the acquisition of the Workwear Group of Pacific Brands Limited.[19] Its businesses now include Blackwoods, Greencap,[20] Bullivants, Coregas, Blackwoods Protector, Safety Source, Total Fasteners, Packaging House, King Gee, Hard Yakka, Stubbies and GotStock.[18]
The division's 32 New Zealand stores are now all branded as NZ Safety Blackwoods.[21] These include former Blackwood and Packaging House stores,[18] and 19 former Paykel Engineering Supplies purchased in 2003.[22][23]
Wesfarmers Health
Wesfarmers acquired Australian Pharmaceutical Industries (API) in March 2022.[24] API would form the basis of a new healthcare division of Wesfarmers and a base from which to invest and develop capabilities in the health and wellbeing sector.
In June 2023, Wesfarmers reached an agreement to buy InstantScripts for $135 million.[25]
Wesfarmers OneDigital
In August 2019, Catch Group, operator of the online shopping website catch.com.au, was acquired by Wesfarmers.[26]
Other businesses
Wesfarmers has 100% interest in many other subsidiaries across Australia, New Zealand, India, New Caledonia, United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Indonesia, China, Bermuda and Singapore. These include BBC Hardware, Coles Ansett Travel, Coles Group Superannuation Fund, Coles Property Management, Comnet, Fosseys, Grocery Holdings Pty Ltd, Harris Technology, Howard Smith, Katies Fashions, Loyalty Pacific, Masters Home Improvement New Zealand, Morley Shopping Centre, now.com.au, Theo's Liquor, Tooronga Shopping Centre, Tyremaster, Viking Direct and World 4 Kids.[13]
Other activities
Wesfarmers has a 50% interest in investment house Gresham Partners plus interests in Gresham Private Equity Funds, 50% interest in Wespine, a plantation softwood sawmill in Dardanup and a 24% interest in BWP Trust which mainly owns Bunnings Warehouses tenanted by Bunnings Group Limited.[13]
Former interests
Insurance
On 16 June 2014, Wesfarmers completed the sale of its insurance broking and premium funding operations, including OAMPS Insurance Brokers in Australia, OAMPS UK, Crombie Lockwood in New Zealand, Lumley Finance and Monument Premium Financing to Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.[27] On 30 June 2014, Wesfarmers completed the sale of its insurance underwriting operations, including the WFI and Lumley brands, to the Insurance Australia Group.[28]
Coles
On 2 July 2007, Wesfarmers announced it was purchasing the Coles Group retail business for $22 billion making it the largest successful take-over in Australian corporate history. Wesfarmers took control of Coles on 23 November 2007, after paying almost $20 billion for the company. Wesfarmers had already purchased 13 per cent of the retailer in April.[29][30]
Coles is a national supermarket, department store. liquor, fuel and convenience retailer in Australia. As of September 2013, Coles operated 756 full-service supermarkets, 810 liquor outlets, 92 hotels, and 636 fuel and convenience stores. Wesfarmers bought Kmart and Target when they bought Coles. Coles employs more than 105,000 staff.[13] Coles' businesses include Coles Supermarkets, Coles Online, Coles Express, Vintage Cellars, 1st Choice Liquor Superstore, BI-LO, Coles Financial Services and Liquorland.
On 16 March 2018, Wesfarmers held a meeting to discuss its intention to demerge Coles.[31][32] The demerger was effective from 21 November 2018 with Wesfarmers retaining a 15% shareholding.[33] During 2020 Wesfarmers reduced its equity in Coles to 4.9%.[34] In April 2023, Wesfarmers sold off the last of its shares in Coles.[35]
Wesfarmers Resources
Wesfarmers Resources owned and operated open-cut coal producing resources in Australia including the Curragh in Queensland. Wesfarmers divested its coal business, completing the process with the sale of its 40 per cent interest in the Bengalla Joint Venture to New Hope Corporation for $860 million on 3 December 2018.[36]
Wesfarmers Transport
In 1950 Wesfarmers purchased the Gascoyne Trading Company (GTC), growing it to become the largest transport operator in Western Australia.[37][38] Until 1971 it held the sole rights for direct road transport between Carnarvon and Perth.[39] In 1973 a joint venture was formed with Downard to enter the interstate freight forwarding market between Western Australia and Victoria.[40]
In 1985, GTC purchased a 50% shareholding in Total West from Mayne Nickless.[41] In 1996, after taking full ownership of Total West, Wesfarmers merged it with GTC to form Wesfarmers Transport.[42][43] In 2001 the business was sold to Toll Holdings.[44][45]
Smith, Kevin P.(1984) A bunch of pirates: the story of a farmer co-operative: Wesfarmers Perth, W.A : Westralian Farmers Co-operative. ISBN0-9591897-0-X
(2003) 50 years of powering Western Australia : from Western Colleries to Wesfarmers Coal. Collie, W.A.: Wesfarmers Premier Coal.
Thompson, Peter (2014) Wesfarmers 100: The People's Story 1914-2014 Perth, W.A. ISBN9781742584997
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