"WEBTOON" redirects here. For the comic format, see Webtoon.
Parts of this article (those related to the IPO of Webtoon's US-based parent company Webtoon Entertainment Inc.) need to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(August 2024)
The platform first launched in South Korea as Naver Webtoon and then globally as Line Webtoon in July 2014, as the Naver brand is not well known outside of South Korea and some of its services are also not available outside of the country. The service gained a large amount of traction during the late 2000s and early 2010s. In 2016, Naver's webtoon service entered the Japanese market as XOY and the Chinese market as Dongman Manhua.[3][4] On December 18, 2018, Naver closed XOY and migrated all of its translated and original webtoons to Line Manga, its manga service that offers licensed manga.[5] In 2019, Line Webtoon was changed to Webtoon in English; Spanish and French versions were launched.
The platform partners with creators to publish original content under the Webtoon Originals[6] banner and hosts a number of other series on its self-publishing site, Canvas.[7] Line Webtoon comics can be discovered through the "daily system" function, along with being read and downloaded for free on computers and both iOS and Android devices.[8][9] In November 2020, Webtoon established a new subsidiary called Webtoon Studios for the purpose of licensing English-language properties.[10] In August 2022, it was reported that Wattpad Webtoon studios would expand with a new animation division.[11]
History
Webtoons are a sub-menu of the gate companies that began with South Korean portal services Daum and Naver. Posting comic content for free caused the $3 billion South Korean book and comic industry to rapidly collapse. The Naver site started in 1999 by merging with Hangame, but it initially had a muted response as a hidden menu. Webtoon administrators paid comic artists only 50,000 Korean Won ($50) as their monthly wage, a highly unscrupulous tactic. In the 1990s, Korean artists claimed that even with a monthly income of 6 million Korean Won ($6,000), it was challenging to do weekly serials. With exorbitant royalties, professional artists experienced mental shock.[12]
In 2013, Webtoon launched Page Profit Share (PPS), which offered the artist a share of the advertising revenue for the first time.[13] After the purchase of Wattpad in early 2021 by Naver Corporation, both companies started to work together under Naver's content division.[14][15] Webtoon now features webcomics such as Lore Olympus, UnOrdinary, True Beauty, Space Boy, and Gourmet Hound.
South Korea had long prohibited cultural exchange with Japan due to the traumatic history of Japanese colonial rule. In 1998, official cultural exchanges were established following South Korea's financial crisis in 1997, initiated by the IMF. Many unemployed individuals used their severance pay to start comic rental shops, and the government issued excessive licenses, leading to saturation.
Publishers expanded their comic titles during this period, and comic book sales flourished at the end of the century. However, the excessive rental shops returned comics bought on credit within a month, causing publishers to face economic hardship. As digital comic companies started emerging, they created webzines, such as N4 and Comics Today, but these businesses ultimately failed due to unethical behavior by their CEOs.
Portal sites gathered a large online audience by offering comics as bait, and Daum initially led the webtoon market. Naver, taking advantage of the unexpected success of comics, placed webtoons in premium advertising spaces worth 300 million Korean won on its portal surface. This significantly increased their traffic and allowed Naver to surpass Daum. The key to their success in the portal market was comics.
Webtoon Entertainment, the serial comics platform, was founded in South Korea in 2005 by CEO Junkoo Kim, Naver.[16] Since its launch in 2013, WEBTOON has become the most popular mobile app, catering to young adults who enjoy reading comics and webcomic content.[17] Similar webcomics can be found on these platforms, including Tapas, Pocket Comic, and others. This platform is particularly successful because creators and comic artists use it to publish their stories, and it's simple to set up. Ensure it adheres to Webtoon's guidelines.[18] It is possible to create a story that they want to express.
In 2004, they already had a market share of 80%. Kim Jun-gu, who introduced the "Bizarre Comics" genre, played a crucial role in Naver's rapid growth. In 2008, Naver introduced ads on webtoons, but they did not fairly share the ad revenue with artists. Unfair contracts accumulated, and in 2010, Nate exposed Daum's unfair treatment of comic artists, revealing that they earned less than 1 million Korean Won ($700) per month. The unfair practices of Naver remained undisclosed.
In 2012, Naver and Daum did not participate in the legal crackdown on illegal sites that had been pirating their content for eight years. The first legal action was taken against a frame-link piracy site. In 2013, Lezhin Comics introduced a new form of payment called "Time Delay."
Naver adopted this payment model and, due to the free nature of its site, had to offer low royalties to artists. However, the influx of readers brought in significant income through search keywords, exceeding the revenue from selling comics, despite the cost of around 26,000 to 4,000 Korean Won ($20 to $3) per keyword.
Moreover, there were multiple ads. Naver absorbed the electronic publication rights of Korean artists for a small fee, which allowed them to monopolize works for a long time even though they were not books. Mobile platforms were utilized for brand promotion, and international publishing rights were eventually obtained. Many aspiring creators submitted free comics, and the influx of free content was guaranteed as long as they were not part of the 0.1% that received a formal serialization.
Due to this discrimination, freelance creators couldn't unite. Some profited from this system, which improved the company's image thanks to a few star artists. The "vertical scrolling" method was used to fit more content, demanding over 100 cuts, which strained artists' health due to the excessive workload.
Kakao Webtoons' top artist, for example, died at the age of 37 due to overwork. The BBC reported on artists suffering from severe labor and exploitation. The "gate sites," which were initially established to support comics, became highly profitable.
Global launch
On July 2, 2014, the Line Webtoon website and mobile app were launched worldwide, allowing international artists to upload their own works to the service. Hundreds of webtoons are available in the self-publishing section of Webtoon, known as Canvas, where artists can be paid based on page views.[19] JunKoo Kim, Director and Head of the Line Webtoon Division at the time of the launch, stated that a partnership with established and up-and-coming American creators would serve to "expand [Line Webtoon's] selection of titles and help [the creators] expand their fan base."[20] Naver Corporation selected 42 webtoons (including Noblesse, Tower of God, and The God of High School) and one new webtoon by an American artist to be available on the service in English at launch.[21][22] According to 148 Apps, the service offered "plenty of content" at launch, as seven to ten webtoons were updated each day and the webtoons spanned various genres.[23]
Partnerships
In April 2013, Naver Webtoon created a Profit Page Share program. Webtoon's global profit-sharing programs have seen exponential growth over the past decade. Today, the company's business model has expanded to include paid content sales, advertising revenue, and IP business revenue. When launched in 2013, Webtoon's programs generated 23.2 billion won. By 2022, these will programs have grown to 2.25 trillion won (USD $1.69 billion), an increase of more than 87 times.[8][24][25]
In 2015, Line Webtoon partnered with American comics veteran Stan Lee, Image Comics co-founder Marc Silvestri, and make-up artist Michelle Phan in order to promote their service.[26][27] Silvestri brought his long-running comics series, Cyberforce, to the platform.[28] Various other established American comic book artists and cartoonists have also partnered with Line Webtoon over time, including Dean Haspiel (New Brooklyn),[29]Katie Cook (Nothing Special),[30] Seth Kushner and Shamus Beyale (The Brooklynite),[31] and Tracy J. Butler (Lackadaisy).[32]
In 2016, Webtoon Entertainment Inc. was incorporated under the Delaware General Corporation Law.[1] In September 2016, Line Webtoon partnered with the Patreoncrowdfunding service, incorporating a "Patreon button" in the "Discover" portion of the website. This function creates an easier channel for readers and artists to mutually communicate.[33] Naver invested US$3.6 million and $1,000 every following month for webtoon creators who reached a certain threshold of activity and popularity with a Patreon page.[32][34] One month later, Naver signed with the Creative Artists Agency for film and television opportunities in the United States.[35]
Line Webtoon also partnered with DeviantArt in the second half of 2016, in the form of the "Artist Alley Tour". The companies were active at four comic cons: Boston Comic Con, Baltimore Comic Con, Rose City Comic Con, and New York Comic Con. Here, Line Webtoon and DeviantArt held discussion panels, "Artist Alley Sponsorships", live draw events, influencer and creator demonstration areas, and on-site contests.[36][37]
In 2018, they partnered with Noble Transmission and Common for the new Caster series.[40]
In 2019, Webtoon's digital content subsidiary Studio LICO collaborated with Big Hit Entertainment to release Save Me as part of the latter's BTS Universe (BU), which revolves around the output of South Korean boy band BTS.[41]
On October 15, 2019, Crunchyroll and Line Webtoon announced a partnership to produce animated works from Line Webtoon's catalog. The two will team up to tackle the distribution, licensing, and retail of the series produced by the partnership.[42]
In May 2020, it was announced that Webtoon was being transferred to Naver Webtoon Corp.[43]
In October 2020, Webtoon and Archie Comics announced that the two companies would collaborate on the new Webtoon original series Archie Comics: Big Ethel Energy, which launched in September 2021.[44]
In January 2021, Webtoon's parent company, Naver, announced that it would acquire the popular user-generated fiction platform Wattpad to provide more opportunities for creators. The acquisition was completed in May 2021. Wattpad had previously partnered with Webtoon in its 2020 Watty Awards Contest.[45][46]
In June 2021, Wattpad and Webtoon announced that the companies would merge their studio divisions to create Wattpad Webtoon Studios, a division of the company focused on developing Wattpad and Webtoon IP for film, television, and print publishing. As of May 2023, around 300 projects from Webtoon and Wattpad Webtoon Studios are in development for entertainment adaptations.[47][48][49]
In August 2021, it was announced that Webtoon would be partnering with DC Entertainment to create standalone webcomics that "will appeal to all fans, without the need to know or read any previous stories."[50] The series is being adapted by Webtoon creators instead of established DC creators.[51] Line Webtoon founder and CEO Junkoo Kim put it this way: "DC has allowed us to create content with their characters and world. The writers of Webtoon are creating content based on DC characters."[52]
The first announced DC collaboration was a Batman-oriented title, Batman: Wayne Family Adventures. Additional series within this partnership, Vixen: NYC, Red Hood: Outlaws, and Zatanna & the Ripper, were announced in April 2022.[52][53][54][55]
In November 2021, Webtoon announced a series of upcoming webcomics created in collaboration with BTS-management company Hybe and various artists from the label, including BTS, TXT, and Enhypen. These series, 7Fates: Chakho, Dark Moon: The Blood Altar, and The Star Seekers, launched on January 15, 16, and 17, 2022, respectively.[56]
Webtoon has also partnered with Rewriting Extinction, the global 12-month comic storytelling campaign supporting seven charities involved in biodiversity conservation and the climate crisis, featuring comics from the likes of Jane Goodall. The adapted, celebrity-created comics from the campaign launched on Webtoon on December 23, 2022.[57]
Marvel Entertainment partnered with Webtoon in January 2022 to create the seven-part miniseries Eternals: The 500 Year War, which launched in tandem with the Eternals' arrival for at-home viewing.[58]
The popular video game PUBG: Battlegrounds joined Webtoon's growing slate of partnerships in January 2022 with the creation of three new digital comics based on the fantasy world in the Krafton video game.[59]
In May 2022, Webtoon and McDonald's USA partnered to celebrate Asian and Pacific American voices through a webcomic series called Drawing on Heritage.[60]
In April 2023, Webtoon announced a creative partnership with Ubisoft on Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple, an original webcomic set in the Assassin's Creed universe. The series is published by Redice Studio.[61]
Webtoon teamed up with Discord in May 2023 and announced a dedicated Webtoon Discord server as well as a content collaboration for the original webcomic miniseries Wumpus Wonderventures, created in partnership with Merryweather Media.[62]
In June 2024, following reorganizations, Webtoon Entertainment Inc. went public.[63]
Userbase
The userbase of Webtoon grew rapidly after the service was released globally, with 10 million people reading on the platform daily and 35 million people monthly.[64] In Asia, several webtoons receive 5 million views per week.[64] In 2016, 42% of the webtoon creators on Line Webtoon were female, as were 50% of its 6 million active daily readers.[65][66] 75% of the users in North America are 24 or younger, and 64% are female.[67][68]
Between 2020 and 2021, Webtoon paid out more than $27 million to its base of more than 120,000 creators who publish in English. In Korea, top creators earn an average of $250,000 per year. The top creator earned around $9 million in 2021.[69]
As of March 2023, Webtoon had grown to receive more than 125 billion views annually. It has 85.6 million monthly active users worldwide and has become the top webcomic platform in the United States, with 12.5 million monthly active users.[70][71]
Coins
Webtoon uses coins as a currency that readers can purchase in the app. Currently, the currency is exclusive to readers using the Android or iOS versions of the app.[72] Readers can utilize coins to support their favorite creators and access completed series or Fast Pass content, allowing them to read ahead. The number of coins required to unlock an episode varies depending on the series being read. In addition, coins can be utilized to unlock Daily Pass episodes. For every Daily Pass series, you have the option to unlock one episode for free each day. Once unlocked, each Daily Pass episode remains accessible for 14 days. Alternatively, you may use coins to unlock these episodes, which allows you to access them for as long as the series is available on Webtoon.[73]
Contests
Naver Corporation has held various comics competitions through its Webtoon service. In 2015, Line launched the "Challenge League", a recurring competition where amateur artists have the chance to become "official Line webtoon artists", as well as win tens of thousands of US dollars. Over 19,000 people joined the first English-language Challenge League in February 2015, which was won by Stephen McCranie's Space Boy.[74] Local Challenge Weeks were also held; the first Thai Challenge League was held in April 2015 and had a grand prize of 1 million baht.[75]
In June 2015, Naver Corporation hosted the Science Fiction Comics Contest, a global competition with a grand prize of US$30,000. JunKoo Kim called science fiction, the theme of the competition, "both the broadest and fastest-growing area in comics and entertainment, [and thus] a natural fit as the genre for our second comics contest." This contest had over 800 entrants and was won by Srinitybeast's Overdrive.[76][77]
In November 2018, Webtoon hosted their Discover Creator Contest. The winner, Kris Nguyen's Cape of Spirits, received a grand total of US$80,000 and an exclusive contract for the series.[78]
On February 28, 2020, "The Short Story Contest" was announced. Running from April 30 to June 30, the contest was split into two categories: "heart" and "brain". The grand prize winners of each category would get US$15,000, an animated short, and a featured contract,[79] with the subsequent winners being Marvin W.'s The Monster Under My Bed for "Heart" and Kotopopi's and Kibbitzer's The Ladder for "Brain".[80] The grand prize, silver, and bronze contest winners were published in two anthologies: the Heart Anthology, which was released in September 2020,[81] and the Brain Anthology, which was released in October 2020.[82]
Between April 2020 and July 2020, Webtoon ran an interactive contest series titled Webtoon GREENLiGHT, wherein nine titles were selected and pitched to readers. The readers then voted (by liking the series' episodes) on which series would be "greenlit" as a new original series. Within one week, each series had to reach a record threshold of 60,000 likes on its third episode in order to be "greenlit" for publication.[83] All nine series succeeded and were released in 2021.[84]
In the summer of 2022, Webtoon started a new contest for their users to create an action comic called Call to Action, where the winner got US$50,000 and a chance to be a Webtoon original.[85]
In August 2022, Webtoon announced a Valorant contest held in conjunction with Riot Games, having fans submit original artwork depicting their interpretations of the character Fade, with ten webcomics selected as winners.[86]
Many South Korean webtoons on the platform are adaptations of web novels, including titles such as:
The Omniscient Reader's Viewpoint is written by a Korean author duo under the alias Sing Shong and drawn by Sleepy-C from Redice Studios.
The Remarried Empress (which also became a mobile game and audio drama and was collected and published in paperback format by Yen Press's Ize Press imprint)[87]
On June 23, 2021, it was announced that the 2018 film On Your Wedding Day will be adapted into a webtoon, to be serialized on webtoon platforms Naver and Kakao.[88]
A webtoon based on a TV series Our Beloved Summer is a prequel about the high school days of the two main characters of the TV series (Choi Woong and Kuk Yeon-su).[89]
Webtoon, after its acquisition of Wattpad, announced in 2021 a new imprint, Webtoon Unscrolled.[110][111][112] Through it, Webtoon will be publishing print editions of its own titles, including:
Webtoon has begun serializing other titles. In 2021, they announced that the popular webcomic Lore Olympus would be adapted as a series of print graphic novels, published by Del Rey Books. Volumes 1, 2, and 3 of the print adaptation were published on November 2, 2021, July 5, 2022, and October 11, 2022, respectively, with all three reaching No. 1 on The New York Times Best Seller list. Volume 4 was published on June 6, 2023, and Volume 5 will be released on October 3, 2023.[117]
In October 2022, Webtoon launched Yonder, a serialized fiction app where readers can purchase and read one chapter at a time. At the time of launch, Yonder offered more than 700 titles as a part of a carefully curated collection.[118]
Film and animation
Various movies, Korean dramas, animated series, and video games have been produced based on webtoons released on Naver Corporation's service. According to JunKoo Kim in 2014, "a total of 189 books, videos, and games based on Naver webtoons have either been produced or are in the process of being made."[22] However, Line Webtoon's first entry of video content in the United States came in 2016, in the form of an animated film based on Noblesse.[119]
In July 2019, Webtoon produced their first promotional animated short series from one of their exclusive originals, My Giant Nerd Boyfriend.[121] A second set of promotions from the work Let's Play was released in September 2019.[122]
In October 2019, Crunchyroll revealed on Instagram that it would be collaborating with Webtoon to release animated series based on selected webtoons as a part of its "Crunchyroll Originals" project. In February 2020, Crunchyroll announced that Noblesse, Tower of God, and The God of High School were chosen for later release.[123]
A growing body of Webtoon adaptations now regularly stream on Netflix, Disney+, Crunchyroll, and other platforms. In fall 2022, Netflix saw strong performances for an adaptation of Lookism, and Disney+ released an adaptation of Connect from acclaimed director Takashi Miike. Webtoon subsidiary Wattpad Webtoon Studios has multiple series in development, including an adaptation of A Rasen's Gremoryland with Vertigo Entertainment and an animated adaptation of Rachel Smythe's Lore Olympus in conjunction with The Jim Henson Company.[124]
Several webcomics that started on Webtoon have provided the source IP for popular TV and film adaptations launched by major streamers and distributors. For example, the Netflix hit series All of Us Are Dead, Hellbound, and Sweet Home.[125]
List of adapted webtoons
Below is a list of Naver Webtoon titles adapted into television series, web series, and films.
^Naver Webtoon in Korean; Line Manga in Japanese; Dongman Manhua and Webtoon in Chinese; Webtoon in English, French, German, Indonesian, Spanish, Thai, and Xhosa
References
^ ab"S-1". S-1. Retrieved September 20, 2024. WEBTOON is a Delaware corporation and was incorporated in 2016. Our principal executive offices are located at 5700 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 220, Los Angeles, CA 90036, and our telephone number at this address is (323) 424-3795. Our website is https://about.webtoon.com.
^"Naver Completes Wattpad Acquisition" (Press release). Wattpad. May 10, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2023. said WEBTOON founder and CEO, Jun Koo Kim. We're thrilled to have Wattpad join Naver and Webtoon, aligning our teams and global communities to create more opportunities for writers everywhere.
^Carter, Justin, M.L. Kejera, Caitlin Rosberg, Oliver Sava (January 14, 2022). "The best comics of 2021". AV Club. Retrieved July 27, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Lee Seung-mi (June 23, 2021). "[공식]박보영X김영광 '너의 결혼식', 中영화 리메이크 이어 웹툰으로 제작" [[Official] Park Bo-young X Kim Young-kwang's 'Your Wedding', made into a webtoon following a Chinese movie remake]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Naver. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
^Hwang Soo-yeon (August 4, 2021). "이병헌 연출 '닭강정'→'백수세끼'…스튜디오N, 차기 라인업" [Directed by Lee Byung-hun 'Dakgangjeong' → 'Three hundred lives'..Studio N, the next lineup]. Export News (in Korean). Retrieved August 8, 2021.
^Jang Ah-reum (July 29, 2021). "김고은, 역대급 '공감캐' 변신..'유미의 세포들' 하반기 공개" [What's going on in Kim Go-eun's head... Lovely teaser poster for 'Yumi's Cells' released]. News 1 (in Korean). Naver. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
^Lee, Hyo-seok (June 19, 2020). "네이버웹툰 '유미의 세포들' 극장용 장편 애니로 만든다" [Naver Webtoon 'Yumi's Cells' to be made into a feature film for theaters]. Yonhap News (in Korean). Retrieved July 29, 2021.
^Hwang Chae-hyun (October 12, 2021). "하석진·고원희·임현주, 웹툰 원작 '백수세끼' 출연 [공식]" [Ha Seok-jin, Go Won-hee, and Lim Hyeon-joo to appear in the webtoon original 'A DeabEAT's Meal' [Official]] (in Korean). Sports Kyunghyang. Retrieved October 12, 2021 – via Naver.
^Eom Soo-bin (January 20, 2022). "[SE★이슈] '지금 우리 학교는'→'아일랜드' 지금은 웹툰 원작 드라마 전성시대" [[SE Issue] 'Now at our school' → 'Ireland' Now is the heyday of webtoon-based dramas] (in Korean). Seoul Economic Daily. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
^Baek, Bong-sam (April 4, 2022). "네이버웹툰 '좀비딸', EBS 애니로 재탄생...3일 첫 방영" [Naver webtoon 'My Daughter Is a Zombie' reborn as EBS animation... First aired on the 3rd April]. ZDnet Korea.
^Baek, Seung-hoon (February 17, 2022). "육성재·이종원·정채연·연우, MBC 새 드라마 '금수저' 출연 확정" [Yook Sung-jae, Lee Jong-won, Jeong Chae-yeon, and Yeon-woo confirmed to appear in MBC's new drama 'Gold Spoon']. MBC Entertainment (in Korean). Retrieved February 17, 2022.
^Ahn, Jin-young (September 7, 2022). "정해인·고경표·김혜준 출연 '커넥트'…12월 디즈니+서 공개" [Jung Hae-in, Go Kyung-pyo, and Kim Hye-jun in 'Connect'... Released at Disney+ in December] (in Korean). Munhwa Ilbo. Retrieved September 7, 2022 – via Naver.
^Shin Yeong-eun (November 25, 2022). "김남길X이다희 '아일랜드', 12월 30일 첫 공개" [Kim Nam-gil X Lee Da-hee's 'Island' to be released for the first time on December 30th] (in Korean). MK. Retrieved November 25, 2022 – via Naver.
^Park Jae-hwan (March 3, 2023). '방과 후 전쟁활동' 괴생명체와의 방과 후 전쟁활동.. 티빙 3월 31일 공개 ['War activity after school' War activity after school with strange creatures.. TVING will release it on March 31st]. KBS Media (in Korean). Retrieved March 8, 2023 – via Naver.
^Kim, Ji-won (January 17, 2023). "'더글로리' 파트2→'D.P.' 시즌2…넷플릭스, 올해 한국 작품 28편 공개" ['The Glory' Part 2 → 'DP' Season 2... Netflix to release 28 Korean titles this year]. Ten Asia (in Korean). Retrieved January 17, 2023 – via Naver.
^Lee Min-ji (March 29, 2023). "김우빈 '택배기사' 5월 12일 공개 확정 [공식]" [Kim Woo-bin's 'Courier Driver' confirmed to be released on May 12 [Official]] (in Korean). Newsen. Retrieved March 29, 2023 – via Naver.
^Ha Kyung-heon (May 3, 2023). "'이번 생도 잘 부탁해' 신혜선, 인생 19회차의 환상적인 티저 포스터 공개" ['See You in My 19th Life' Shin Hye-sun, a fantastic teaser poster for the 19th episode of life] (in Korean). Sports Kyunghyang. Retrieved May 3, 2023 – via Naver.
^Yoon Hyun-ji (April 7, 2023). "남주혁X유지태 '비질란테' 하반기 공개 확정 [공식입장]" [Nam Joo-hyuk X Yoo Ji-tae 'Vigilante' confirmed to be released in the second half of the year [Official position]] (in Korean). Xports News. Retrieved April 7, 2023 – via Naver.
^Choi, Na-young (May 31, 2023). "'장원영 언니' 장다아→하율리, '피라미드 게임' 캐스팅 확정 [공식]" ['Jang Won-young's sister' Jang Da-ah → Ha Yul-ri, casting confirmed for 'Pyramid Game' [Official]] (in Korean). OSEN. Retrieved June 26, 2023 – via Naver.
^Kwak Myung-dong (May 4, 2023). "이병헌 감독 "'닭강정' 연말 넷플릭스 공개, 미친 듯이 웃긴다" 기대감↑" [Director Lee Byung-hun "'Dak Gangjeong' released on Netflix at the end of the year, it's insanely funny" anticipation↑] (in Korean). My Daily. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
^Kim, Kyung-yoon (February 13, 2024). "웹툰 '싸움독학' 일본 TV 애니메이션으로…4월부터 방영" [Webtoon ‘Self-taught Fighting’ made into Japanese TV animation… Aired from April]. YNA. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
^Hwang Hye-jin (January 28, 2022). "류준열X아이유X박정민X박해준X배성우 '머니게임' 출연 확정(공식)" [Ryu Jun-yeol X IU X Park Jung-min X Park Hae-joon X Bae Seong-woo confirmed to appear in ‘Money Game’ (official)] (in Korean). Newsen. Retrieved January 28, 2022 – via Naver.
^Kim, Yang-soo (November 21, 2024). "이타적 영웅 웹툰 '1초', 애니메이션 재탄생…24일 첫방송" [Altruistic Hero Webtoon '1 Second', Reborn as Animation... First Broadcast on the 24th]. JoyNews24 (in Korean). Retrieved November 25, 2024.
^Park, Jung-sun (August 8, 2024). 김유정·김영대, 티빙 '친애하는 X' 출연...이응복 감독 연출 [Kim Yoo-jung and Kim Young-dae to appear on TVING's 'Dear X'...Directed by Lee Eung-bok] (in Korean). JTBC. Retrieved August 10, 2024 – via Naver.
^"㈜스튜디오게일 광주, 네이버웹툰 원작 '나노리스트' OTT플랫폼 애니메이션으로 제작 착수" [Studio Gale Gwangju Co., Ltd. starts production with Naver Webtoon original 'Nano List' OTT platform animation]. www.raonnews.com (in Korean). September 21, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
^Lee Min-ji (April 13, 2023). "웹툰 '스피릿핑거스' 드라마화 확정, 박지후X조준영X최보민X박유나 출연 [공식]" [Webtoon 'Spirit Fingers' confirmed to be dramatized, featuring Park Ji-hoo, Jo Jun-young, Choi Bo-min, and Park Yuna [Official]] (in Korean). Newsen. Retrieved April 13, 2023 – via Naver.
^Jung, Yoo-jin (June 1, 2023). "웹툰 '부활남', 영화화…구교환·신승호·김성령 등 캐스팅 완료" [Webtoon 'Reawakened Man', film adaptation... Completed casting including Koo Kyo-hwan, Shin Seung-ho, and Kim Seong-ryeong]. News1. Retrieved June 26, 2023.
^Yeon, Hwi-seon (February 7, 2023). "소지섭 측 "웹툰 원작 드라마 '광장', 출연 검토 중" [공식입장]" [So Ji-sub's side "The webtoon-original drama 'The Square' is under review" [Official Position]]. OSEN. Retrieved June 26, 2023.
^"'만화책' 살린 네이버웹툰, 국산 애니메이션 시장도 살릴까" [Naver Webtoon, which saved ‘comic books’, will it also save the domestic animation market]. FNTIMES (in Korean). July 24, 2024. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang negara di Amerika Selatan. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Argentina (disambiguasi). Republik Argentina[A]República Argentina (Spanyol) Bendera Lambang Semboyan: En Unión y Libertad(Spanyol: Dalam Persatuan dan Kemerdekaan)Lagu kebangsaan: Himno Nacional Argentino (Indonesia: Himne Nasional Argentina) Sol de Mayo[2]code: es is deprecated (Matahari Mei)Perlihatkan BumiPerlihatkan peta BenderaIbu kota(dan kota terbesar)Buenos Aires34°36
Hrubá Skála Símbolos Bandeira Brasão de armas Localização Hrubá SkálaLocalização de Hrubá Skála na Chéquia Coordenadas 50° 32' 41 N 15° 12' 1 E País Chéquia Região Liberec Distrito Semily Administração Prefeito Jan Houška Características geográficas Área total 13,83 km² População total (2011) 583 hab. Densidade 42,2 hab./km² Fuso horário +1 Código Postal 511 01 Código estatístico 577146 Placa SM Sítio site Hrubá Skála é uma comuna ...
Ця стаття є частиною Проєкту:Військова історія (рівень: 3, важливість: низька) Портал «Війна»Мета проєкту — створення якісних та інформативних статей на теми, пов'язані з війною. Ви можете покращити цю статтю, відредагувавши її, а на сторінці проєкту вказано, чим ще можна до
Mort Sahl (links) mit Ed Sullivan 1960 Morton Lyon „Mort“ Sahl (* 11. Mai 1927 in Montreal; † 26. Oktober 2021 in Mill Valley, Kalifornien) war ein kanadisch-US-amerikanischer Stand-up-Comedian und politischer Satiriker. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Jugend 2 Karriere 3 Privatleben 4 Weblinks 5 Einzelnachweise Jugend Sahl war das einzige Kind eines jüdischen Ehepaars.[1] Sein Vater Harry war in New York City als Theaterautor gescheitert und mit seiner kanadischen Frau[2] von der...
ويليام أوسلر (بالإنجليزية: Sir William Osler) معلومات شخصية الميلاد 12 يوليو 1849(1849-07-12)أونتاريو الوفاة 29 ديسمبر 1919 (70 سنة)أكسفورد سبب الوفاة ذات الرئة[1] مواطنة كندا عضو في الجمعية الملكية، والأكاديمية الأمريكية للفنون والعلوم، وكلية الأطباء الملكية مناصب ر...
Staf Perencanaan dan Anggaran Angkatan UdaraLambang TNI Angkatan UdaraNegara IndonesiaTipe unitUnsur Pembantu PimpinanBagian dari TNI Angkatan UdaraJulukanSrenaauBaret BIRU Situs webtni-au.mil.idTokohAsrenaMarsekal Muda TNI Wayan SupermanWaasrenaMarsekal Pertama TNI Irwan Pramuda, S.E., M.M. Staf Perencanaan dan Anggaran Angkatan Udara disingkat Srenaau adalah unsur pembantu pimpinan TNI Angkatan Udara yang bertugas membantu Kepala Staf Angkatan Udara dalam merumuskan kebijakan...
لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع فيتا (توضيح). فيتا معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة (بالفرنسية: Charlotte Gonin) الميلاد 14 مارس 1983 (العمر 40 سنة)ميلوز، فرنسا مواطنة فرنسا الطول 1.70 متر[1] عدد الأولاد 3 [2] الحياة العملية المهنة مغنية مؤلفة، ومؤدية أصوات اللغة الأم الف...
Currency of the Republic of Genoa from 1138 to 1797 Genoese silver lira of 1794 The Genoese lira (Italian: Lira genovese) was the currency of the Republic of Genoa until 1797. History See also: History of coins in Italy The mint in the Republic of Genoa began its production around 1138,[1] with coins introduced in line with similar versions issued in the rest of Europe, as follows:[2] The silver denaro in 1138, containing 1.06 grams of 1⁄3 fine silver (or 84.8 g fine sil...
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sou...
3rd season in franchise history 1968 Miami Dolphins seasonHead coachGeorge WilsonHome fieldMiami Orange BowlResultsRecord5–8–1Division place3rd AFL EasternPlayoff finishDid not qualifyPro Bowlers3 QB Bob Griese RB Jim Kiick DE Karl Noonan ← 1967 Dolphins seasons 1969 → The 1968 Miami Dolphins season was the team's third in the American Football League (AFL). The team improved on their 4–10 record from 1967, finishing the season 5–8–1 and moving one place u...
Vocal composition by Luciano Berio Cries of Londonby Luciano BerioLuciano Berio, at the time of the composition.Composed1973–4 (rev. 1976)PublishedUniversal EditionDuration15 minutesMovements7ScoringEight voicesPremiereDate1976LocationLa RochelleCries of London is a composition for eight voices by Italian composer Luciano Berio. Originally composed for six voices in 1974, it was expanded in 1976. Background 1974 version The preliminary version of Cries of London was composed between 1973 an...
Private university in New York City For other uses, see Columbia University (disambiguation). Columbia UniversityCoat of armsLatin: Universitas ColumbiaeFormer namesKing's College(1754–1784)Columbia College(1784–1896)[1]: 53–60 MottoIn lumine Tuo videbimus lumen (Latin)Motto in EnglishIn Thy light shall we see light[2]TypePrivate research universityEstablishedMay 25, 1754; 269 years ago (1754-05-25)AccreditationMSCHEAcademic af...
Jason Geria Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Jason Kato GeriaTanggal lahir 10 Mei 1993 (umur 30)Tempat lahir Canberra, AustraliaTinggi 1,84 m (6 ft 1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain BekKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2012–2018 Melbourne Victory FC 98 (0)2018– JEF United Chiba Tim nasional2016 Australia 1 (0) * Penampilan dan gol di klub senior hanya dihitung dari liga domestik Jason Geria (lahir 10 Mei 1993) adalah seorang pemain sepak bola Australia. Statistik [1] ...
Indian film actor (1924–2003) Johnny WalkerJohnny Walker in C.I.D. (1956)BornBadruddin Jamaluddin Kazi(1924-03-23)23 March 1924Indore, Indore State, Central Provinces, British India (present-day Indore district, Madhya Pradesh, India)Died29 July 2003(2003-07-29) (aged 79)Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaOccupationActorYears active1951 – 1997Spouse Noorjahan (m. 1955)Children6 (including Nasir Khan)RelativesTony Walker (born, Kamaluddin Kazi) (brother)...
Parque nacional El Palmar Categoría UICN II (parque nacional) SituaciónPaís ArgentinaDivisión Provincia de Entre RíosSubdivisión Departamento ColónEcorregión EspinalCoordenadas 31°51′11″S 58°19′21″O / -31.85305556, -58.3225Datos generalesAdministración Administración de Parques NacionalesGrado de protección Parque nacionalFecha de creación 28 de enero de 1966 (publicación en el Boletín Oficial de la ley n.° 16802), constituido...
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Servilia's pearlType of stonePearlColorBlackCountry of originRoman RepublicDiscoveredPossibly GaulOriginal ownerJulius CaesarOwnerServilia Servilia's pearl was a pearl given by Julius Caesar to his favourite mistress Servilia. It was described by imperial biographer Suetonius to be a lone (uniones, meaning singleton)[1] large black pearl[2] worth six million sesterces (approximately 1.5 billion dollars in 2019 value), making it perhaps the most valuable gem of all time. It may...
Tributary of the Colorado River in Colorado, United States Gunnison RiverThe Gunnison River in Black Canyon of the Gunnison National ParkMap of the Gunnison River, its tributaries and major citiesLocationCountryUnited StatesStateColoradoCitiesGunnison, Grand JunctionPhysical characteristicsSourceEast River confluence with the Taylor River • coordinates38°39′49″N 106°50′50″W / 38.66361°N 106.84722°W / 38.66361; -106.84722[1] ...
Mathematician Gunnar E. CarlssonBorn (1952-08-22) 22 August 1952 (age 71)Stockholm, SwedenNationalitySwedish AmericanAlma materStanford UniversityHarvard UniversityKnown forSegal conjectureTopological data analysisAwardsAlfred P. Sloan fellowScientific careerFieldsMathematicsInstitutionsStanford UniversityUniversity of ChicagoUniversity of California, San DiegoPrinceton UniversityDoctoral advisorR. James (Richard) MilgramDoctoral students Kirsten Wickelgren Reza Zadeh Gunnar E....
Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!