Walcott, Norfolk

Walcott
Walcott village sign
Walcott is located in Norfolk
Walcott
Walcott
Location within Norfolk
Population548 (Including Ostend 2011)[1]
OS grid referenceTG360320
• London137 miles (220 km)
Civil parish
  • Walcott CP
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townNORWICH
Postcode districtNR12
Dialling code01692
PoliceNorfolk
FireNorfolk
AmbulanceEast of England
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Norfolk
52°50′24″N 1°30′11″E / 52.840°N 1.503°E / 52.840; 1.503

Walcott is a small village and civil parish on the North Norfolk coast in England between Mundesley and Happisburgh.[2] The name is formed from the Anglian word 'walh' (cognate with 'Welsh') and the Anglo-Saxon 'cot' meaning 'cottage, hut, shelter or den'.[3] The village is 19.1 miles (30.7 km) north east of Norwich, 11.9 miles (19.2 km) south east of Cromer and 137 miles (220 km) north east of London. The village lies 5.6 miles (9.0 km) east of the town of North Walsham.

The village is the only point where the B1159 (the coast road) actually runs along the edge of the sea. This makes it a popular stopping off point for day-trippers and storm watchers.

The parish was created in 2008, partitioned from the Happisburgh parish.

History

[note 1]

Geology, geography and climate

The geology and geography in the vicinity of Walcott have been shaped by past ice ages, sea incursions and rivers that have deposited material over the underlying chalk.

The last ice sheet left Norfolk around 16,000 BC allowing pine trees to colonise the region.

Between 10,000 – 6000 BC the climate became warm and dry allowing alder, oak, elm & lime into the region.[4]

The increasing temperature caused the sea level to rise and around 5000 BC the North Sea was first connected to the English Channel via a narrow strait. Eventually there were wide inter-tidal estuaries around Norfolk,[5] which started to deposit marine clay over the original peat in the Broadland area.[6]

Around 3000 BC the Norfolk coastline was roughly similar to today's outline,[7] although the local cliffs continued to erode.[8] Some of the eroded material goes to form the sand bar, a few miles (kilometres) offshore, that runs parallel with the coastline and is a danger to local shipping.

During the Bronze Age (2,500 – 800 BC) the climate slowly became cooler although the sea level continued to rise and around 750 BC the sea started to breach the spits across the estuaries further south.[9] This resulted in Walcott becoming part of a large peninsula with numerous islands and waterways in the south and east. This peninsula would have made an ideal area for man to colonise with fresh water, fishing and reeds (for thatch) in the west, sea fishing in the east. The good farming land and its isolation would have offered some degree of defence.

The sea level in the Roman period (+1 metre; 3' approximate).

From the Iron Age to the end of the Roman period (800 BC – 410 AD) the climate became wet and cold[10] and locally the sea level probably reached about 1 metre (3') above today's average.[11]

Around 500 AD (during the Anglo-Saxon period) spits of land further south started once again to exclude the sea from the local estuaries[12] and the inlets forming the peninsular began to 'dry out'. These natural barriers have subsequently been maintained by man to protect the farmland behind.

The coastal erosion in the vicinity has been estimated at an approximate rate of 1 metre (3') per year[13] and accounts for the loss of an approximate 1¼ mile (2 km) wide strip of land since the Roman invasion of AD 43 as a result of which several medieval villages (e.g. Waxham Parva, Markesthorpe) disappeared into the sea.[14]

Note: Details of the past vegetation and climate of the region have been determined from borehole logs (and pollen analysis) such as that at Ranworth Broad.[15]

Prehistoric

The climate was very different during the Palaeolithic or Old Stone Age Era (pre 10,000 BC) as shown by the bones of elephants, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, hyena, etc. found in East Anglia.[16] However, it is considered that only intermittent human occupation occurred at this time.[17] The majority of the artefacts recorded in the vicinity of Walcott from this period were flint hand axes,[18] which suggests forest clearance.

Little activity is noted in the vicinity during the Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age Era (10,000 – 5000 BC) with few artefacts recorded.[18]

During the Neolithic or New Stone Age Era (5000 – 2500 BC) the majority of the artefacts found in the vicinity are concentrated on higher ground.[18]

The number of Bronze Age (2500 – 800 BC) artefacts recorded in the vicinity increases significantly from the Neolithic Era and possibly suggests an increase in the population.[18] There is no natural copper or tin ore in Norfolk so all raw materials must have been imported, probably by trading.

Fewer artefacts dating from the Iron Age (800 BC – 43 AD), compared to Bronze Age, have been recorded in the vicinity.[18] However, this could just reflect the fact that iron deteriorates faster than bronze. Certainly more Iron Age pottery has been recorded in the vicinity than Bronze Age pottery.

The Norfolk Iron Age tribe were called the Iceni and probably consisted of a group of smaller tribes, as in 54 BC Julius Caesar describes them as the Cenimagni – the Greater Iceni.[19] It is possible that east Norfolk (including Walcott) may have been occupied by one of these smaller (possibly poorer) tribes, which could explain the general lack of finds. Some historians consider that the west side of Norfolk was settled before the east side and that society underwent a progressive fragmentation during the Iron Age until around 60 BC when larger groups started to emerge.[20]

Roman

The number of artefacts recorded in the vicinity increases significantly during the Roman occupation (43 AD – 410 AD) with a small concentration on high ground near Happisburgh and large concentrations in the Stalham/Ingham/Wayford area.[18]

Of the datable Roman artefacts recorded in the vicinity, approximately 75% are 1st and 2nd century AD and 25% are 3rd and 4th century AD. This discrepancy may suggest a decline in Roman activity in the vicinity from around AD 200. The Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus records barbarians harassing Britain's east coast in AD 367.[21]

Early Middle Ages

The vicinity shows economic recession and technological regression in the post Roman period. Grave goods found from this period strongly suggest a large influx of people from the Anglian region of Schleswig in north Germany/south Denmark (the Angles), confirmed by the Venerable Bede.[22]

During the Middle Saxon period (AD 650 – 865), the archaeological evidence in Norfolk changes (shortly after AD 700) and suggests that the region was arguably more Christian than pagan.[23]

Late Anglo-Saxon (865–1066) artefacts recorded in the vicinity are few in number but of high quality and are indicative of high status.[18]

Viking forces first raided East Anglia in 865[24] and it remained under Scandinavian control until 917 when the West Saxons re-conquered East Anglia. It is thought that this was the start of the system of Hundreds – areas of land containing approximately 100 families.[25] Walcott is in the Happing Hundred

The cutting of peat that resulted in the formation of The Broads is thought to have started around AD 900. This practice may have been introduced by the Angles and could indicate the scarcity of firewood at the time.[26]

Medieval

Before the Norman Conquest Walcott was held by Eadric de Laxfield. There were 4 carucates and 6 acres (about 486 acres) of (arable) land, 8 villagers and 16 smallholders. The lord had 2 ploughs and there were 2 other ploughs. There were 8 acres (3.2 ha) of meadow, 1 mill, 3 cattle, 4 pigs & 80 sheep. There was a church with 20 acres (8.1 ha). There were 7 freemen with 70 acres (28 ha) and 2 ploughs, and there were 5 other ploughs. The value of the manor was 40 shillings. South Erpingham Hundred held 3 freemen in Walcott with 90 acres (36 ha) and 3 ploughs.[27]

Eadric was a major Thane (noble) at that time, based at Eye in Suffolk, with numerous manors and lands in Norfolk, Suffolk and Wiltshire. Whilst some historians consider him to have been Danish, as depicted on the village sign at Happisburgh, all (admittedly slender) evidence relating to his origin suggests that he was English.

Immediately after the Conquest Walcott was given to Robert Malet who died before the Domesday Survey of 1088 when it was granted to Ralph (Ranulf), brother of Iger and held by Humphrey, possibly his nephew. There were 4 carucates and 6 acres (2.4 ha) of land with 3 ploughs, 8 villagers & 16 smallholders. 2 other ploughs, 8 acres (3.2 ha) of meadow, 1 mill, 2 cobs (horses), 16 cattle, 24 pigs, 70 sheep & 4 beehives. 1 church with 20 acres (8.1 ha), 7 freemen with 70 acres (28 ha), 5 other ploughs. Another 4 freemen with 90 acres (36 ha). The value of the manor was 60s. South Erpingham Hundred held 3 freemen in Walcott with 2.5 ploughs.[27][28] As only men were recorded in the survey, and assuming each man had a wife and 2.4 children, the approximate population of Walcott in 1088 was around 170.

The eponymous de Walcott family were Lords of the Manor of Walcott from about the late 12th century until about the late 14th century.

The interior of All Saints, Walcott showing the eastern end.
All Saints, Walcott.

The church at Walcott is dedicated to All Saints and dates from the middle 14th century. The Font is 13th century.[29] The font stands on a Celtic limestone memorial slab and both are from an earlier church, the foundations of which may have been discovered in a nearby garden.[30]

During the reign of King Edward I (1239–1307), the church was valued at 20 marks (£13 6s 8d) per year[31] and the Peter pence was 20d.

Originally there were two Halls in Walcott, East Hall and West Hall. William Faden's map of Norfolk dated 1797 shows Walcott Hall but unfortunately it is not entirely clear if this is West or East Hall. However between 1386 & 1486, there is note of a manor called 'Masons' in Walcott.[32]

The de Engain family of Brumstead and Walcott is first noted in 1404 when Thomas de Engain married Margaret, daughter of John Ellis of Great Yarmouth.[33] In 1405, he passed the manor of West Hall to Lord Willoughby and hence West Hall was united to East Hall in Walcott.[34]

In 1360 the Stapleton family of Ingham established a college of Friars of the order of the Holy Trinity and St Victor to serve Ingham and Walcott. Originally it consisted of a Prior, a Sacrist (who acted as Vicar and lived above the porch) and two brethren. The church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and was rebuilt in 1360, the Chancel dates from the 1340s and the Font is 13th century. There is a monument to Sir Oliver de Ingham and Lord & Lady de Boys, there was a brass of Sir Miles Stapleton and his wife.[35]

To help pay for a crusade in the Holy Land, in 1254 a special tax was introduced called the Norwich Tax. For Walcott the figures were 25 marks (£16 13s 4d) (the Prior of Bromholm's portion was £1 0s 0d).[36]

Between 1250 and 1350, manorial accounts from Lessingham suggest that the main agriculture in the vicinity was about 50% Barley, 20% Legumes, 15% Wheat and the remaining 15% was Rye, Oats and mixed grain. Livestock consisted of about 55% cattle, 30% sheep and the remaining 15% was horses, oxen and pigs.[37]

The Nomina Villarum was a list of lords in 1316 (86) and shows that Peter Roscelyn & Alexander de Walcott held Lordships in Walcott.[38]

To pay for another crusade in the Holy Land, an assessment of tax was made of individual parishes in 1334, which gives an idea of the comparative wealth of each parish and any changes since the Norwich Taxation of 1254. For Walcott the amount was £6 0s 0d.[39]

The Black Death arrived in Norfolk in the spring of 1349 and spread up the river valleys from Yarmouth,[40] suggesting that it arrived by ship and was spread by river craft. In the autumn of 1349, the harvest in the vicinity brought in less than half the usual amount of corn.[41]

High inflation followed the Black Death as a result of the reduction in the population and the King responded by legally forcing wages down and imposing a Poll (or head) Tax. Needless to say this was very unpopular and there were rebellions in the vicinity (the so-called Peasants' Revolt). Bromholm Priory was attacked and documents were destroyed in June 1381.[42] Eventually the uprising was crushed and in July 1381 a commission was appointed to deal with the insurgents in Norfolk and Suffolk.[43] There is evidence from their enquiry of the work of a Martham stonemason in Walcott and Ingham between 1440 & 1470.[44]

Post Medieval

Extract from William Faden's 1797 map of Norfolk showing Walcott.

Most parish registers start shortly after the medieval period[45] and in 1603 an incomplete list of church communicants for each parish was compiled.[46] For Walcott the parish registers start in 1558 and there were 110 communicants in 1603.[46] This suggests that Walcott had had an increase in population since 1088.

In August 1797, William Faden published the first comprehensive map of Norfolk that included Walcott. It is not completely to scale but is roughly correct.[47]

In 1830 there was another rebellion due to the introduction of new farming techniques and machinery that put men out of work. The 'Swing riots' were so called because farmers would receive threatening letters signed by a 'Captain Swing', whose identity has never been determined. Farm machinery in Walcott was destroyed.[48]

From the Whites Trade Directory dated 1845, Walcott had a population of 172 and 685 acres (2.77 km2) of land. S. Bignold was lord of the manor. Robert Atkinson was High Constable. There was a Shopkeeper & Smith, a Wheelwright, John Warner ran the Light House Public House and there were seven Farmers[49]

Village amenities

Walcott post office.
Walcott seafront.

The village has a parish church (All Saints, 14th – 15th century), 2 shops (one incorporating a sub-post office), several restaurants and pubs, a caravan site and an infant school.

There is access to the beach via:

  • Walcott Gap, a wooden slipway that runs from the road to the sand and which can accommodate cars or tractors, and trailers, allowing for the launching of small craft including local fishing boats.
  • Steps set into the sea defences at several points along the sea front.

Public transport

There is an infrequent bus service through the village connecting it to North Walsham via a circular route.[50]

The nearest railway station is at North Walsham for the Bittern Line which runs between Cromer and Norwich.

The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport.

Floods

Revetments to the south-east of the village

North Sea flood of 1953

On the night of 31 January 1953 a combination of a high spring tide and a severe European windstorm caused a storm tide. The area suffered greatly and much of the village was lost to the sea along with neighbouring Keswick.

North Sea flood of 2007

On 10 November 2007 a storm surge hit the East Anglian coast. The sea wall in the village was breached by 12 ft (3.7 m) waves. Property was damaged and boats and caravans were blown across the coast road.[51] The experimental film Wordland[52](2008) by Phil Coy features the devastation following the flood and interviews with affected locals.

North Sea flood of 2013

The village was devastated by a storm surge on 5 December 2013. Dozens of homes and businesses were damaged.[53]

In July 2019 a scheme commenced to deposit almost 3 million cubic yards (two million cubic metres) of sand, forming a 3¾ mile (6-kilometre) artificial dune, to protect nearby Bacton Gas Terminal. Costing £20 million, the scheme will also protect the villages of Bacton and Walcott. The dune will be 7 metres (23 ft) high and extend up to 250 metres (820 ft) out to sea.[54]

Notes

  1. ^ This section is adapted from The Historic Happing Website with permission. See commons:Commons:OTRS Ticket#2008091010035136

References

  1. ^ "Parish population 2011". Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  2. ^ Ordnance Survey, Explorer Sheet 252, Norfolk Coast East, ISBN 978-0-319-46726-8
  3. ^ 'Guide to English Place Names', Nottingham University, online [1] A different source suggests "walh" means "serf or foreigner": Rye J, 'A popular guide to Norfolk place-names', 2000, Larks Press
  4. ^ Murphy P, 'Pre-Norman vegetation changes and woodland clearance', An Historical Atlas of Norfolk, 1998, Witley Press: 20.
  5. ^ Shennan I & Andrews J, 'Holocene land-sea interaction and environmental change around the western North Sea', 2000, Geological Society Special report number 166: 309.
  6. ^ Barringer C, 'Aspects of East Anglian Pre-History', 1984, Geo Books: 16.
  7. ^ Shennan I & Andrews J, 'Holocene land-sea interaction and environmental change around the western North Sea', 2000, Geological Society Special report number 166: 295.
  8. ^ Steers J, 'The Coast-line of England and Wales', 1964, Cambridge University Press: 375/6.
  9. ^ Funnell B, 'Recent Geology', An Historical Atlas of Norfolk, 1998, Witley Press: 16.
  10. ^ Rainbird-Clarke R, 'East Anglia', 1960, London Press: 18.
  11. ^ Davis J, 'The Iron Age and Roman Periods', A Festival of Norfolk Archaeology, 1996, Norfolk and Norwich Archaeological Society: 21.
  12. ^ Rainbird-Clarke R, 'East Anglia', 1960, London Press: 20.
  13. ^ Personal comment by Professor C Vincent at the School of Environmental Science at the University of East Anglia.
  14. ^ Steers J, 'The Coast-line of England and Wales', 1964, Cambridge University Press: 376 & 379.
  15. ^ Moss B, 'The Broads', 2001, Harper Collins: 51.
  16. ^ Robinson B, 'Norfolk Origins 1: Hunters to first Farmers', 1981, Acorn editions: 11.
  17. ^ Wymer J, 'The Palaeolithic Period', An Historical Atlas of Norfolk, 1998, Witley Press: 22.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g Cornford B, 'Medieval Flegg', 2002, Larks Press.
  19. ^ Williamson T, 'The origins of Norfolk', 1993, Manchester University Press: 34–36.
  20. ^ Davis J, 'The Iron Age and Roman Periods', A Festival of Norfolk Archaeology, 1996, Norfolk and Norwich Archaeological Society: 22 & 24.
  21. ^ Warner P, 'The Origins of Suffolk', 1996, Manchester University Press: 57.
  22. ^ Williamson T, 'The origins of Norfolk', 1993, Manchester University Press: 53.
  23. ^ Williamson T, 'The origins of Norfolk', 1993, Manchester University Press: 140.
  24. ^ Williamson T, 'The origins of Norfolk', 1993, Manchester University Press: 105.
  25. ^ Williamson T, 'The origins of Norfolk', 1993, Manchester University Press: 106 & 129.
  26. ^ Green, Charles (1961). "Broadland fords and causeways". Norfolk Archaeology. 32 (4): 316–331. doi:10.5284/1077935.
  27. ^ a b Little Domesday Book, fol 260b, 261a & 279b.
  28. ^ Morris J, Domesday Book Norfolk, 1984, Phillimore: various.
  29. ^ Pevsner N, The Buildings of England – northeast Norfolk and Norwich, 1962, Penguin: 336.
  30. ^ Walcott church guide.
  31. ^ Armstrong, The history of Norfolk, 1781, Crouse – Norwich.
  32. ^ Public Record Office reference: C1/27/135.
  33. ^ Rye W, "Norfolk Families volume II", 1792, Norris Collection, NRO ref: Rye II: 104.
  34. ^ Blomefield F, An essay towards a topographical History of Norfolk, volume 9, 1808, London: 350.
  35. ^ Pevsner N, The Buildings of England – northeast Norfolk and Norwich, 1962, Penguin: 176.
  36. ^ Norfolk Archaeology, volume XVII, 1910: 110.
  37. ^ Campbell B, 'Medieval arable and pastoral husbandry', An Historical Atlas of Norfolk, 1998, Witley Press: 50.
  38. ^ Blake W, 'Norfolk Manorial Lords in 1316', Norfolk Archaeology, volume 30, 1952: 277 & 8.
  39. ^ The Reverend Hudson, 'The assessment of the townships of the country of Norfolk for the King's tenths and Fifteenths as settled in 1334', Norfolk Archaeology, volume 12, 1895: 267.
  40. ^ Cornford B, 'Medieval Flegg', 2002, Larks Press: 138.
  41. ^ Cornford B, Medieval Flegg, 2002, Larks Press: 141.
  42. ^ MacDonald, 1984: 9.
  43. ^ Public Record Office at Kew reference: KB 9/166/1.
  44. ^ Fawcett R, 'Medieval Masons', An Historical Atlas of Norfolk, 1998, Witley Press: 58.
  45. ^ Palgrave-Moore P, 'Parish registers', An Historical Atlas of Norfolk, 1998, Norfolk Museums Service: 92.
  46. ^ a b Blomefield F, 'An essay towards a topographical History of Norfolk', volume 9, 1808, London: 290–351.
  47. ^ Rutledge E, 'Kett's Rebellion', An Historical Atlas of Norfolk, 1998, Norfolk Museums Serves: 98.
  48. ^ Wade-Martins S, 'The riots of 1830', An Historical Atlas of Norfolk, 1998, Norfolk Museums Service: 126.
  49. ^ Whites directory of Norfolk, copies held at the Norfolk Records Office.
  50. ^ Sanders Bus Services route 34
  51. ^ Guardian news item
  52. ^ "Wordland". The British Council Film. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  53. ^ EDP report Retrieved 8 December 2013
  54. ^ Morelle, Rebecca (18 July 2019). "Vast sand scheme to protect Norfolk coast". BBC News. Retrieved 18 July 2019.

Read other articles:

كأس ولي العهد الكويتي تاريخ الإنشاء 1994  الرياضة كرة قدم البلد  الكويت القارة آسيا النسخة الأولى 1994 عدد الفرق 15 أحدث بطل العربي (اللقب التاسع) الأكثر فوزا القادسية الكويت العربي (9 مرات) مسابقات متعلقة الدوري الممتاز كأس الأمير كأس ولي العهد كأس السوبر تعديل مصدري - تعدي...

 

此條目没有列出任何参考或来源。 (2012年2月22日)維基百科所有的內容都應該可供查證。请协助補充可靠来源以改善这篇条目。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。 「健驮逻」重定向至此。關於该词的其他义项,請見「犍陀羅」。 健馱邏為古代印度十六王國之一,位於北部山區 犍陀羅國(梵語:गन्धार,Gandhāra),又译“乾陀羅”、“香风国”等,是阿富汗

 

Genus of flowering plants Brosimum Brosimum guianense parts drawing Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Moraceae Tribe: Dorstenieae Genus: BrosimumSw.[1] Species Several, see text Synonyms Alicastrum P.Browne Brosimopsis S.Moore Galactodendron Kunth Piratinera Aubl.[1] Brosimum is a genus of plants in the family Moraceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas. The breadnut ...

Her GraceThe Duchess of WestminsterBornSally Perry1909Died30 May 1990(1990-05-30) (aged 80–81)Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, EnglandSpouseGerald Grosvenor, 4th Duke of WestminsterParent(s)Roger AckerleyMuriel PerryRelativesJ. R. Ackerley (brother) Sally Grosvenor, Duchess of Westminster (née Perry; 1909 – 30 May 1990) was the wife of Gerald Grosvenor, 4th Duke of Westminster. Early life The Duchess was one of three extramarital daughters of Muriel Perry. She, her twin sister Elizabeth ...

 

Harvard–Smithsonian Center for AstrophysicsPemandangan luar CfA.Didirikan1973MisiUntuk menerapkan pengetahuan dan mempelajari alam semesta serta penelitian dan pendidikan dalam bidang astronomi dan astrofisikaDirekturCharles R. AlcockLokasiCambridge, Massachusetts, Amerika SerikatAlamat60 Garden St.Situs webSitus web resmi Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) adalah salah satu institusi astrofisika terbesar dan paling diverse di dunia, di mana para ilmuwan dapat mengambil pro...

 

У Вікіпедії є статті про інші географічні об’єкти з назвою Чест. Селище Чест Тауншипангл. Chest Township Координати 40°41′24″ пн. ш. 78°37′40″ зх. д. / 40.69000000002777284° пн. ш. 78.62777777780577537° зх. д. / 40.69000000002777284; -78.62777777780577537Координати: 40°41′24″ пн. ш. 78°37′40...

تحتاج هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر إضافية لتحسين وثوقيتها. فضلاً ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة بإضافة استشهادات من مصادر موثوقة. من الممكن التشكيك بالمعلومات غير المنسوبة إلى مصدر وإزالتها. (أبريل 2019) بي إم بي-1 بي إم بي-1 النوع مركبة قتال مدرعة بلد الأصل  الاتحاد السوفيتي...

 

Sorex stizodon Охоронний статус На межі зникнення (МСОП 3.1) Біологічна класифікація Царство: Тварини (Animalia) Тип: Хордові (Chordata) Клада: Синапсиди (Synapsida) Клас: Ссавці (Mammalia) Ряд: Комахоїдні (Eulipotyphla) Родина: Мідицеві (Soricidae) Рід: Мідиця (Sorex) Вид: S. stizodon Біноміальна назва Sorex stizodonMerriam, ...

 

У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Новомиколаївка. село Новомиколаївка Країна  Україна Область Кіровоградська область Район Кропивницький район Громада Новгородківська селищна громада Облікова картка Облікова картка  Основні дані Населення 311 П

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for products and services. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is l...

 

Louis AgassizLahir(1807-05-28)28 Mei 1807Haut-Vully, SwitzerlandMeninggal14 Desember 1873(1873-12-14) (umur 66)Cambridge, Massachusetts, A.S.AlmamaterUniversitas Erlangen-NurembergSuami/istriCecilie BraunElizabeth Cabot CaryAnakAlexander Emanuel AgassizIda AgassizPauline AgassizPenghargaanWollaston Medal (1836)Karier ilmiahBidang Paleontology Glaciology Geology Natural History Pembimbing doktoralCarl Friedrich Philipp von MartiusPembimbing akademik lainIgnaz DöllingerMahasiswa tern...

 

Museums of the Vatican City Vatican MuseumsMusei VaticaniThe Vatican Museums as seen from the dome of St. Peter's BasilicaEstablished1506; 517 years ago (1506)Location  Vatican CityCoordinates41°54′23″N 12°27′16″E / 41.90639°N 12.45444°E / 41.90639; 12.45444TypeArt museumCollection size70,000[1]Visitors5,080,856 (2022)[2]DirectorBarbara Jatta[3]Websitewww.museivaticani.va Part of a series on theVatican Mus...

American screenwriter (1921–1981) Ruth Brooks FlippenBornRuth Albertina Brooks(1921-09-14)September 14, 1921Brooklyn, New York, U.S.DiedJuly 9, 1981(1981-07-09) (aged 59)Marina del Rey, California, U.S.OccupationScreenwriterSpouse Jay C. Flippen ​ ​(m. 1947; died 1971)​ Ruth Brooks Flippen (born Ruth Albertina Brooks; September 14, 1921 – July 9, 1981) was an American screenwriter and television writer.[1][2][3]&...

 

这是满族传统命名,只称名而不与姓氏连用,其姓氏为章佳。 阿桂 阿桂像  大清太子太保 正红旗满洲都统 武英殿大學士 首席軍機大臣 爵位 一等诚谋英勇公 族裔 满洲 旗籍 正蓝旗后改正白旗 字號 字广廷、号云崖 諡號 文成 出生 康熙五十六年八月初三日(1717-09-07)1717年9月7日京师顺天府 逝世 嘉庆二年八月二十一日1797年10月10日(1797歲—10—10)(80歲)京师顺天府 親屬 (...

 

For anatomy and other uses, see Ampulla (disambiguation). Eulogy ampulla representing St. Menas and St. Thecla (terracotta, 6th century, Louvre Museum) An ampulla (/æmˈpʊlə, -ˈpʌl-/;[1] pl.: ampullae) was, in Ancient Rome, a small round vessel, usually made of glass and with two handles, used for sacred purposes. The word is used of these in archaeology, and of later flasks, often handle-less and much flatter, for holy water or holy oil in the Middle Ages, often bought as souven...

Die Liste der Kirchen im Erzbistum Paderborn zeigt die römisch-katholischen Kirchen und Kapellen im Erzbistum Paderborn sortiert nach Dekanaten und Pastoralverbünden bzw. Gesamtpfarreien. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Liste 1.1 Dekanat Bielefeld-Mitte 1.2 Dekanat Büren-Delbrück 1.3 Dekanat Dortmund 1.4 Dekanat Emschertal 1.5 Dekanat Hagen-Witten 1.6 Dekanat Hellweg 1.7 Dekanat Herford-Minden 1.8 Dekanat Hochsauerland-Mitte 1.9 Dekanat Hochsauerland-Ost 1.10 Dekanat Hochsauerland-West 1.11 Dekanat ...

 

Palestinian militant group Jerusalem Brigades redirects here. For the Israeli infantry brigade, see Etzioni Brigade. Al-Quds Brigadesسرايا القدسMembers of Al-Quds brigades parade through the Gaza StripSpokesmanAbu HamzaDates of operation1981 (1981)–presentMotivesThe establishment of a sovereign, Islamic Palestinian state within the geographic borders of pre-1948 Mandatory PalestineActive regionsGaza Strip, West Bank, Southern LebanonIdeologyPalestinian nationalismIslamis...

 

Art genre For the technique of performing basic arithmetic, see Algorism. Octopod by Mikael Hvidtfeldt Christensen. An example of algorithmic art produced with the software Structure Synth.[1] Algorithmic art or algorithm art is art, mostly visual art, in which the design is generated by an algorithm. Algorithmic artists are sometimes called algorists. Overview Further information: Mathematics and art Simple Algorithmic Art, generated using random numbers Algorithmic art, also known a...

2022 debut novel by Allie Rowbottom Aesthetica AuthorAllie RowbottomLanguageEnglishGenreFictionPublication date2022 Aesthetica is a 2022 debut novel by American writer Allie Rowbottom whose first book was the 2018 memoir Jell-O Girls. Aesthetica was published by Soho Press. The novel follows Anna, celebrity Instagram influencer, who fifteen years after the height of her fame contemplates an experimental surgery, Aesthetica, which would return her face to its natural state. Writing and develop...

 

Israeli singer and actress (born 1962) Ritaריטה‎Rita in 2014BornRita Yahan-Farouz (1962-03-24) 24 March 1962 (age 61)Tehran, IranNationalityIsraeliSpouse Rami Kleinstein ​ ​(m. 1988; sep. 2007)​Children2[1]RelativesLiraz Charhi (niece)Musical careerGenresRocksoulpopfolkHebrewPersianOccupation(s)SingeractressYears active1986–presentLabelsHed Arzi MusicHeliconKnaʽan Musical artistMilitary careerAllegiance State of Is...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!