Vice-voivode of Transylvania

The vice-voivode of Transylvania (Hungarian: erdélyi alvajda; Latin: vicevoyvada) was the deputy of the voivode of Transylvania in the Kingdom of Hungary. The office first appeared in contemporary sources in 1221. From the early 15th century, the voivodes rarely visited Transylvania, permanently leaving the administration of the counties to the vice-voivodes, who often belonged to their voivodes' allegiance. They held some judicial powers^[1]

History

List of vice-voivodes

Term	Incumbent	Voivode	Notes	Source
1221	Bocha	Paul, son of Peter	"vicarius [...] woyvodae"	[2]
1278	Rubinus Hermán	Finta Aba	"vicevoyvada"	[3]
1282	Nicholas	Roland Borsa	"vicevoyvoda Transsilvanus"	[4]
1288–1291	Ladislaus Borsa		"vicevoyouoda Transilvanus"; his deputy was Benedict	[4]
1296	John	Ladislaus Kán	"vicewoywoda"	[4]
b. 1300	Andrew Gyógyi		mentioned as "former" vice-voivode in 1300; he possibly held the dignity simultaneously with Ladislaus Borsa	[4]
1303–1314	Achilles Torockói		first term	[5]
1319–1320	Nicholas Vásári	Dózsa Debreceni		[5]
1321	Achilles Torockói		second term	[5]
1324–1330	Michael Zsuki	Thomas Szécsényi	also ispán of Kolozs County (1324)	[5][6]
1334–1336	Simon Zsámboki			[5]
1337–1342	Peter Derencsényi		"the Nosed"	[5]
1343–1344	Ladislaus Tolcsvai	Nicholas Sirokai		[7]
1345–1349	Peter Váradjai	Stephen Lackfi	first term; also castellan of Kecskés	[7]
1351–1352	Egidius Tornai	Nicholas Kont		[7][8]
1352–1356	Stephen Ravasz			[7][9]
1356–1359	Dominic Mocsk	Andrew Lackfi		[7][10]
1359–1368	Peter Váradjai	Denis Lackfi, then Nicholas Lackfi	second term; also castellan of Hátszeg (1360); killed in the Wallachian campaign	[7]
1369–1372	John Lépes	Emeric Lackfi	Pál Engel erroneously identified him as John Görbedi; appointed as vice-palatine in 1372	[7][11][12]
1372–1373	Ladislaus Derencsényi	Stephen Lackfi of Csáktornya	son of Peter Derencsényi (1337–1342); Pál Engel incorrectly claimed that he was killed the Wallachian campaign of 1368	[13]
1374–1376	Ladislaus Nadabi, Sr.			[14][15]
1376–1385	John Temesi	Ladislaus Losonci	first term	[14]
1386	Stephen Fáncs	Stephen Lackfi of Csáktornya		[14][16]
1386–1389	John Temesi	Ladislaus Losonci	second term	[14]
1390–1392	Ladislaus		his identification is uncertain	[14]
1392–1393	Bartholomew Szobi	Emeric Bebek		[14]
1394–1395	Peter Verébi	Frank Szécsényi		[14]
1396	John Váradjai	Stibor of Stiboricz	son of Peter Váradjai (1345–1349; 1359–1368); killed in the Battle of Nicopolis	[14]
1396–1401	John of Swerch			[14]
1401–1402	Michael Nádasi	Simon Szécsényi		[14][17]
1402–1403	Lawrence Nadabi	Nicholas Csáki & Nicholas Marcali		[14]
	Stephen Nadabi		son of Ladislaus Nadabi, Sr. (1374–1376)
1404–1408	Peter Sztrigyi	John Tamási & James Lack		[18]
1404–1406	Ladislaus Nadányi
1406–1409	John Dobokai
1408–1409	John Geréb, Sr.
1410–1415	Ladislaus Nadabi, Jr.	Stibor of Stiboricz, then vacant	son of Ladislaus Nadabi, Sr. (1374–1376) and brother of Stephen Nadabi (1402–1403)	[18]
1415–1438	Roland Lépes	Nicholas Csáki, then Ladislaus Csáki, then Peter Cseh	nephew of John Lépes (1369–1372); ispán of Küküllő County (1434); Transylvanian peasant revolt broke out	[18][19]
1437	Demetrius Pányi	Peter Cseh	alongside Roland Lépes (1415–1438)	[18]
1439–1446	Nicholas Vízaknai	Desiderius Losonci, then Nicholas Jakcs & Michael Jakcs, then Nicholas Újlaki & John Hunyadi	first term; for John Hunyadi after 1441; appointed deputy governor of Transylvania in 1446	[18]
1441–1444	George Pongrác	Nicholas Újlaki & John Hunyadi	for John Hunyadi, killed in the Battle of Varna	[20]
1441	Peter Szerecsen		for Nicholas Újlaki	[20]
1441–1444	Ladislaus Buzlai		for Nicholas Újlaki	[20]
1443	George Csupor		for John Hunyadi	[20]
1444–1446	Gregory Bodó		for Nicholas Újlaki	[20]
1446–1450	Mark Herepei	Nicholas Újlaki & Emeric Bebek & John Rozgonyi	for Nicholas Újlaki	[20]
1446–1449	George Balai		for Emeric Bebek; titular vice-voivodeship after the Battle of Kosovo (1448), where Bebek was killed	[20]
1447	Stephen Jánosi		possibly for governor John Hunyadi	[20]
1448	Nicholas Erdélyi		possibly for governor John Hunyadi	[20]
1449–1450	Michael Dormánházi		for John Rozgonyi	[20]
1450	John Geréb, Jr.		son of John Geréb, Sr. (1408–1409); for governor John Hunyadi	[20]
1450	Denis Veres		for governor John Hunyadi	[20]
1450–1460	George Rikalf		for John Rozgonyi	[20][21]
1452–1456	Bronisław of Zlibow		for John Rozgonyi	[20]
1456–1458	Stephen Kemény		for the Hunyadi family	[20][21]
1458–1460	Sigismund Sártványi	John Rozgonyi & Sebastian Rozgonyi & Ladislaus Kanizsai & Nicholas Kanizsai	for the Rozgonyi family	[22]
1458–1459	Farkas Szerdahelyi
1459–1462	Benedict Gibárt
1460	Nicholas Vízaknai		second term
1461–1462	George Szentiványi
1462–1465	Nicholas Vízaknai	John Pongrác	third term	[22]
	Stephen Erdélyi		first term; brother of Nicholas Erdélyi (1448)
1465–1467	Ladislaus Nádasdi	Sigismund Szentgyörgyi & John Szentgyörgyi & Bertold Ellerbach		[22]
1466–1467	John Illyei
1468–1472	John Rédei	John Pongrác & Nicholas Csupor		[23]
	Dominic Bethlen		first term
1472	John Váradi
1474–1475	Peter Kis	Blaise Magyar		[23]
1475–1476	Dominic Bethlen	John Pongrác	second term	[23]
1476	Stephen Erdélyi		second term
1477	Dominic Bethlen	Peter Geréb	third term	[23]
1477–1479	Anton Kendi
1482–1486	Stephen Horvát	Stephen Báthory	also vice-ispán of Zaránd County	[24]
1483–1484	John Werbőczy		"deputy of the voivode"
1486	Lazarus Zsoldos
1487–1493	Stephen Telegdi		first term
1492	Michael Almási

See also

• Voivode of Transylvania

References

1. Sălăgean, Tudor (2016-01-01). 6 Ladislas Kán (1294–1315): The Transylvanian Nobles and the Congregational Regime. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-31134-3.
2. Zsoldos 2011, p. 38.
3. Zsoldos 2011, p. 39.
4. Zsoldos 2011, p. 40.
5. Engel 1996a, p. 11.
6. Engel 1996a, p. 248.
7. Engel 1996a, p. 12.
8. Engel 1996b, p. 178.
9. Engel 1996b, p. 179.
10. Engel 1996b, p. 181.
11. Hegyi & W. Kovács 2016, p. 153.
12. Engel 1996b, p. 182.
13. Hegyi & W. Kovács 2016, p. 159.
14. Engel 1996a, p. 13.
15. Engel 1996b, p. 183.
16. Engel 1996b, p. 184.
17. Hegyi & W. Kovács 2016, p. 162.
18. Engel 1996a, p. 14.
19. Engel 1996a, p. 220.
20. Engel 1996a, p. 15.
21. C. Tóth et al. 2016, p. 84.
22. C. Tóth et al. 2016, p. 85.
23. C. Tóth et al. 2016, p. 86.
24. C. Tóth et al. 2016, p. 87.

Sources

• C. Tóth, Norbert; Horváth, Richárd; Neumann, Tibor; Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2016). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1458–1526, I. Főpapok és bárók [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1458–1526, Volume I: Prelates and Barons] (in Hungarian). MTA Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-4160-35-9.
• Engel, Pál (1996a). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I. [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301–1457, Volume I] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 963-8312-44-0.
• Engel, Pál (1996b). "Néhány XIV. századi erdélyi alvajda származása [Origins of Some Vice-Voivodes of Transylvania from the 14th Century]". In Kovács, András; Sipos, Gábor; Tonk, Sándor (eds.). Emlékkönyv Jakó Zsigmond születésének nyolcvanadik évfordulójára (in Hungarian). Erdélyi Múzeum Egyesület. pp. 176–186. ISBN 973-96946-7-5.
• Hegyi, Géza; W. Kovács, András (2016). "Néhány erdélyi alvajda azonosításáról [Identification of Some Vice-Voivodes of Transylvania]". In Dáné, Veronka; Lupescu-Makó, Mária; Sipos, Gábor (eds.). Testimonio litteratum. Tanulmányok Jakó Zsigmond tiszteletére (in Hungarian). Erdélyi Múzeum Egyesület. pp. 151–168. ISBN 978-606-739-054-4.
• W. Kovács, András (2012). "Remarks on the Careers of the Vice-voivodes of Transylvania in the Late Middle Ages (1458–1526)". Transylvanian Review. 21 (Suppl. no. 2). Romanian Cultural Foundation: 103–138. ISSN 1221-1249.
• Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3.