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Via Domitia
	Route of the Via Domitia
Location	Briançon, France to La Junquera, Spain
Type	Roman road
History
Builder	Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus
Periods	118 BC

The Via Domitia was the first Roman road built in Gaul, to link Italy and Hispania through Gallia Narbonensis, across what is now Southern France. The route that the Romans regularised and paved was ancient when they set out to survey it, and traces the mythic route travelled by Heracles.^[1]

The construction of the road was commissioned by Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, whose name it bore, following the defeat of the Allobroges and Averni by himself and Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus in 122 BCE. Domitius also established a fortified garrison at Narbo (modern Narbonne) on the coast, near Hispania, to guard construction of the road. It soon developed into a full Roman colony Colonia Narbo Martius.^[2] The lands on the western part of the route, beyond the River Rhône had been under the control of the Averni who, according to Strabo, had stretched their control to Narbo and the Pyrenees.^[3]

Crossing the Alps by the easiest passage, the Col de Montgenèvre (1850 m), the Via Domitia followed the valley of the Durance, crossed the Rhône at Beaucaire passed through Nîmes (Nemausus) then followed the coastal plain along the Gulf of Lion. At Narbonne, it met the Via Aquitania (which led toward the Atlantic Ocean through Toulouse and Bordeaux). Thus Narbonne was a crucial strategic crossroads of the Via Domitia and the Via Aquitania, and it was an accessible, but easily defensible port at that time.

This "cusp point" in the Roman westwards expansion and ensuing supply, communication and fortification was a very important asset, and was treated as such (see Narbonne). In between the cities that it linked, the Via Domitia was provided with a series of mansiones at distances of a day's journey for a loaded cart, at which shelter, provender and fresh horses could be obtained for travellers on official business.

The route as it was in Late Antiquity is represented in schematic fashion on the Tabula Peutingeriana.

Route

This route can be traced on topographical maps overprinted with the ancient route, in G. Castellve, J.-B. Compsa, J. Kotarba and A. Pezin, eds. Voies romaines du Rhône à l'Èbre: Via Domitia et Via Augusta (DAF 61) Paris 1997.

Briançon (Brigantio)
Chorges (Caturigomagus)
Gap (Vapincum)
Le Monetier Allemont (Alabons)
Embrun (Eburodunum)
Sisteron (Segustero)
Lurs (Alaunium)
Céreste (Catuiacia)
Apt (Apta Julia)
Notre Dame des Lumières (Ad Fines)
Cavaillon (Cabellio)
Saint-Rémy-de-Provence (Glanum)
Saint-Gabriel (Ernaginum)
Beaucaire (Ugernum)
Nîmes (Nemausus)
Ambrussum
Lunel-Vieil
Castelnau-le-Lez (Sextantio)
Montpellier route remains unknown
Montbazin (Forum Domitii)
Mèze
Pinet
Saint-Thibéry (Cessero) and its Roman bridge
Béziers (Baeterris)
Narbonne (Narbo Martius) At Narbonne, a section of the Via Domitia is exposed in the Place de l'Hôtel de Ville. The Via Domitia crossed the Atax (the Aude) by a seven-arched bridge at the site of the Pont des Marchands.^[4]
Fitou (Ad Viscensimum)
Salses (Ad Salsulae)
Perpignan
Ruscino

At Ruscino, the road separates in two: the Inland Route and the Coastal Route, which rejoin at La Junquera.

Coastal Route

Inland Route

Montescot
Le Boulou
Les Cluses (Clausurae)
Le Perthus (Col de Panissars), at the Trophy of Pompey

Rejoins at:

La Junquera (Deciana)

Here the Via Augusta begins.

Roman bridges

There are the remains of several Roman bridges along the road, including the Roman Bridge of Saint-Thibéry, the Pont Ambroix at Ambrussum, the Pont Julien and the Pont Serme.

Images for the Via Domitia
St-Thibéry: Roman Bridge
Via Domitia in (pink)
Via Domitia and Via Augusta junction at the Trophy of Pompey^[5]
Chariot ruts in the Via Domitia
Narbonne: Via Domitia uncovered in front of the Archbishop's palace
The Via Domitia in Pinet, Hérault

Notes

^ F. Benoît, "La légende d'Héraclès et la colonisation grecque dans le delta du Rhône", L'Humanité 8 (1949:104-48), noted by Fred S. Kleiner, "Gallia Graeca, Gallia Romana and the Introduction of Classical Sculpture in Gaul" American Journal of Archaeology 77.4 (October 1973:379-390) p. 381 note 20, with further bibliography.
^ Brennan,T.C.,The Praetorship in the Roman Republic, p. 507
^ Strabo, Geography, 4.2.3
^ Narbonne: Remains of the Domitian Way Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
^ Riess, Frank (2016). Narbonne and its Territory in Late Antiquity: From the Visigoths to the Arabs. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-09069-4.

Bibliography

Raymond Chevalier, Les Voies Romaines, Picard, Paris, 1997. ISBN 2-7084-0526-8
Pierre A. Clement and Alain Peyre, La Voie Domitienne: De la Via Domitia aux routes de l'an 2000, Presses du Languedoc/Max Chaleil Editeur, 1992. ISBN 2-85998-097-0
Pierre A. Clement, La Via Domitia: Des Pyrénées aux Alpes, Editions Ouest-France, Rennes, 2005. ISBN 2-7373-3508-6