Verkhovyna

Verkhovyna
Верховина
Жаб'є · Żabie
Rural settlement
Skyline of Verkhovyna
Skyline of Verkhovyna
Coat of arms of Verkhovyna
Coat of arms
Verkhovyna is located in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Verkhovyna
Verkhovyna
Location of Verkhovyna, Ukraine
Verkhovyna is located in Ukraine
Verkhovyna
Verkhovyna
Verkhovyna (Ukraine)
Coordinates: 48°09′06″N 24°48′49″E / 48.15167°N 24.81361°E / 48.15167; 24.81361
Country Ukraine
OblastIvano-Frankivsk Oblast
RaionVerkhovyna Raion
HromadaVerkhovyna settlement hromada
First mentioned1424
Area
 • Total51.80 km2 (20.00 sq mi)
Elevation
619 m (2,031 ft)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total5,773
 • Density110/km2 (290/sq mi)
Area code+380 3432
Map

Verkhovyna (Ukrainian: Верховина), known as Zhabie (Ukrainian: Жаб'є) until 1962, is a rural settlement in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, western Ukraine. Verkhovyna serves as the administrative center of Verkhovyna Raion. It also hosts the administration of Verkhovyna settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Population: 5,773 (2022 estimate).[2]

It was originally established as Żabie in 1424.[3][4]

The town is located in the Hutsul region of the Carpathian Mountains called Pokuttya, upon the Cheremosh River, a tributary of the Prut. Verkhovyna is currently an important tourist center in Ukraine. The town's name means "highland place."

In 1919–1939, Żabie belonged to Poland and was located in the Kosów Powiat (county) of the Stanisławów Voivodeship. During those years, it was one of the main tourist centers of the country, attracting people from as far away as England. It was also the biggest rural community in Poland (in terms of territory).

There is an Orthodox church, a Hutsul museum and a Polish cemetery with monuments of soldiers of the Polish Border Patrol who died while protecting the pre-1939 border. Another important attraction in Verkhovyna is the Museum of Musical Instruments and Hutsuls Lifestyle founded by Roman Kumlyk.

Name

Ivan Franko once wrote: “Here Zhabie is the Hutsul capital. They say there is no village above Zhabie. And it is in vain to look for a greater calamity." It was until 1962 that Verkhovyna was called Zhabie, there are different versions of the origin of the name — either from the swamp where the first inhabitants settled or from the name of the first inhabitant, who probably came from France and was called Jabie — no one knows the exact information.

In 1962, the settlement was renamed. It was suggested at first to rename it to Frankivsk, in honor of Ivan Franko, but the name Verkhovyna was chosen instead. The name Verkhovyna was suggested because of the many hills that surround the village. When viewed from above, the settlement resembles a bowl, that is, it is in a conventional pit surrounded by hills and mountains.

History

The first written mention of the settlement dates back to 1424: on August 17, Żabie was mentioned in a deed of Grand Duke Švitrigaila.[5][3][4]

The Opryshky movement[6] was a peculiar form of struggle and a manifestation of the spontaneous protest of the peasantry against the current system under the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Many residents of Żabie were active in the detachments of Oleksa Dovbush, Pintea the Brave, Ivan Boichuk, Vasyl Baiurak, etc.

In 1772, as a result of the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth between the Russian Empire, Prussia, and the Archduchy of Austria, the lands of the current Verkhovyna Raion entered Austria. Meetings of viche became a mass phenomenon among the highlanders. In the first half of the 19th century in Schabje and neighboring villages, opryshky led by M. Shtoliuk operated.

During the World War I, battles between Austrians and Russians took place in the vicinity of Schabje and other villages. Many Hutsuls fought in the Austro-Hungarian Army, especially in the Ukrainian Sich riflemen's legion.

In April 1920, a peasant uprising took place (named "Hutsul Uprising"), which was suppressed by the Polish authorities. A memorial sign was erected to the participants of the Hutsul Uprising of 1920.

From 1921 to 1939, Żabie was part of the Second Polish Republic. On April 1, 1928, the hamlets (hamlets) of Dzembronya, Bystrets, Zelene, and Yavirnyk were removed from the commune (community) of Żabie, and the self-governing administrative commune of Dzembronya was formed from them.[7] On September 17, 1939, based on the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Soviet troops occupied the territory of Eastern Galicia.

  • View of the town, before 1914
    View of the town, before 1914
  • General view of the town, 1939
    General view of the town, 1939
  • Buildings by the road, before 1939
    Buildings by the road, before 1939
  • Orthodox church. 1930-1939
    Orthodox church. 1930-1939
  • Th Hutsul Museum, 1938
    Th Hutsul Museum, 1938
  • Hutsuls from Żabie, after 1932
    Hutsuls from Żabie, after 1932
  • Hutsuls, before 1932
    Hutsuls, before 1932
  • Hutsul Petro Chomyn playing the trembita
    Hutsul Petro Chomyn playing the trembita

On June 12, 2020, Verkhovyna became the administrative center of the Verkhovyna settlement hromada.[8]

Until 26 January 2024, Verkhovyna was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Verkhovyna became a rural settlement.[9]

  • Carpathians in Verkhovyna
    Carpathians in Verkhovyna
  • Church in Verkhovyna
    Church in Verkhovyna
  • Film museum
    Film museum
  • Sanatoria in Verkhovyna
    Sanatoria in Verkhovyna
  • Hutsul museum
    Hutsul museum
  • Verkhovyna district council
    Verkhovyna district council

Climate

The climate in Verkhovyna is a mild to warm summer subtype (Köppen: Dfb) of the humid continental climate.

Climate data for Verkhovyna
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.1
(22.8) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		1.3
(34.3) 		7.4
(45.3) 		12.5
(54.5) 		15.5
(59.9) 		16.9
(62.4) 		16.6
(61.9) 		12.9
(55.2) 		7.6
(45.7) 		2.2
(36.0) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		6.9
(44.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38
(1.5) 		36
(1.4) 		38
(1.5) 		60
(2.4) 		88
(3.5) 		109
(4.3) 		104
(4.1) 		81
(3.2) 		54
(2.1) 		41
(1.6) 		42
(1.7) 		46
(1.8) 		737
(29.1)
Source: Climate-Data.org[10]

References

  1. ^ Автор. "Івано-Франківська область - Склад громади". decentralization.gov.ua. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
  2. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  3. ^ a b Verkhovyna Raion's profile as Verkhovna Rada website[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ a b Horse riding in Verkhovyna
  5. ^ Акты, относящиеся к истории Южной и Западной России, собранные и изданные Археографической комиссией: [В 15-ти т.] — СПб. : Тип. Эдуарда Праца, 1863. — Т. 1 : 1361—1598. — С. 8.
  6. ^ "Opryshky movement in the Carpathians". Wiki Carpathians. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  7. ^ Rozporządzenie Ministra Spraw Wewnętrznych z dnia 21 lutego 1928 r. o utworzeniu gminy wiejskiej Dzembronia w powiecie kosowskim, województwie stanisławowskiem. (in Polish)
  8. ^ "Верховинська територіальна громада" [Verkhovyna territorial hromada]. decentralization.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  9. ^ "Что изменится в Украине с 1 января". glavnoe.in.ua (in Russian). 1 January 2024.
  10. ^ "Climate: Verkhovyna". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 1 May 2014.