Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Venus of Hohle Fels

Venus of Hohle Fels
Two views of the Venus of Hohle Fels figurine, which may have been worn as an amulet, and is the earliest known, undisputed example of a depiction of a human being
MaterialMammoth ivory
SizeHeight: 6 cm
Created41.000 years ago
DiscoveredSeptember 2008
Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
Present locationBlaubeuren, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany

The Venus of Hohle Fels (also known as the Venus of Schelklingen; in German variously Venus vom Hohlen Fels, vom Hohle Fels; Venus von Schelklingen) is an Upper Paleolithic Venus figurine made of mammoth ivory that was unearthed in 2008 in Hohle Fels, a cave near Schelklingen, Germany, part of the Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is dated to between 42,000 and 40,000 years ago,[1][2] belonging to the early Aurignacian, at the very beginning of the Upper Paleolithic, which is associated with the earliest presence of Cro-Magnons in Europe.

The figure is the oldest undisputed example of a depiction of a human being. In terms of figurative art only the lion-headed, zoomorphic Löwenmensch figurine is older. The Venus is housed at the Prehistoric Museum of Blaubeuren (Urgeschichtliches Museum Blaubeuren).

Context

The Swabian Alb region of Germany has a number of caves that have yielded many mammoth-ivory artifacts of the Upper Paleolithic period. Approximately 25 items have been discovered to date. These include the Löwenmensch figurine of Hohlenstein-Stadel dated to 40,000 years ago[3] and an ivory flute found at Geißenklösterle, dated to 42,000 years ago.[4] This mountainous region is located in Baden-Württemberg and is bounded by the Danube in the southeast, the upper Neckar in the northwest, and in the southwest it rises to the higher mountains of the Black Forest.

This concentration of evidence of full behavioral modernity, including figurative art and instrumental music among humans in the period of 40 to 30 thousand years ago, is unique worldwide and its discoverer, archaeologist Nicholas Conard, speculates that the bearers of the Aurignacian culture in the Swabian Alb may be credited with the invention, not just of figurative art and music, but possibly, the earliest religious practices as well.[5] Within a distance of 70 cm (27.6 in) to the Venus figurine, Conard's team also found a flute made from a vulture bone.[6] Additional artifacts excavated from the same cave layer included flint-knapping debris, worked bone, and carved ivory as well as remains of tarpans, reindeer, cave bears, woolly mammoths, and Alpine ibexes.

Discovery

External videos
video icon [1], Nature - an extensive discussion of the artifact by two team members who discovered and study the figurine[7]

The discovery of the Venus of Hohle Fels by the archaeological team led by Nicholas J. Conard of Universität Tübingen Abteilung Ältere Urgeschichte und Quartärökologie pushed back the date of the oldest known human figurative art,[a] by several millennia,[b] establishing that works of art were being produced throughout the Aurignacian Period.[8]

The remarkably early figurine was discovered in September 2008 in a cave called Hohle Fels (Swabian German for "hollow rock") near Schelklingen, some 15 km (9 mi) west of Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, in southwestern Germany, by a team from the University of Tübingen led by archaeology professor Nicholas Conard, who reported their find in Nature.[9] The figurine was found in the cave hall, approximately 20 m (66 ft) from the entrance and 3 m (10 ft) below the current ground level. Nearby a bone flute dating to approximately 42,000 years ago was found, the oldest known uncontested musical instrument.[4]

In 2015, the team presented two further pieces of carved mammoth ivory discovered at the site that have been identified as parts of a second female figurine.[10]

Description

The figurine was sculpted from a woolly mammoth tusk and it has broken into fragments, of which six have been recovered, with the left arm and shoulder still missing. In place of the head, the figurine has a perforated protrusion, which may have allowed it to be worn as an amulet.

Interpretation

The discoverer, anthropologist Nicholas Conard, said: "This [figure] is about sex, reproduction... [it is] an extremely powerful depiction of the essence of being female".[11] Anthropologist, Paul Mellars of Cambridge University has suggested that—by modern standards—the figurine "could be seen as bordering on the pornographic".[12]

Anthropologists from Victoria University of Wellington have suggested that such figurines were not depictions of beauty, but represented "hope for survival and longevity, within well-nourished and reproductively successful communities",[13] reflecting the conventional interpretation of these types of figurines as representing a fertility goddess.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The grid or cross-hatch patterns found engraved at the Blombos Cave in South Africa, dating to 75,000 years ago, may or may not be considered "abstract art".
  2. ^ by at least 5,000 years, if the 35,000 BP date is compared to that of the Venus of Galgenberg, or by as much as 10,000 years if the 40,000 BP date is accepted.

References

  1. ^ "Archäologie erleben - Mission Eiszeit | SWR Geschichte & Entdeckungen". YouTube.
  2. ^ ""It must be a woman" - The female depictions from Hohle Fels date to 40,000 years ago..." Universität Tübingen. July 22, 2016. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  3. ^ "Work carved from mammoth ivory has been redated and 1,000 new fragments discovered—but it won't make it to British Museum show". Archived from the original on August 10, 2014. Retrieved August 23, 2014.
  4. ^ a b "Earliest music instruments found". BBC News. 2012-05-25.
  5. ^ Älteste Menschenfigur der Welt gefunden[permanent dead link] Südwestrundfunk 14 May 2009.
  6. ^ "Schwäbische Alb: Älteste Flöte vom Hohle Fels".
  7. ^ "Prehistoric pin-up". Nature. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  8. ^ Henderson, Mark (2009-05-13). "Prehistoric female figure 'earliest piece of erotic art uncovered'". The Times. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
  9. ^ Conard, Nicholas J. (2009). "A female figurine from the basal Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in southwestern Germany". Nature. 459 (7244): 248–252. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..248C. doi:10.1038/nature07995. PMID 19444215. S2CID 205216692.
  10. ^ "Fragments of a 40,000 year old female figurine found in Hohle Fels". Past Horizons. 22 July 2015. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  11. ^ "The Cave Art Debate". The Smithsonian. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  12. ^ Wilford, John Noble (13 May 2009). "Full-Figured Statuette, 35,000 Years Old, Provides New Clues to How Art Evolved". 2009. New York Times. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  13. ^ Dixson, Alan F.; Dixson, Barnaby J. (2011). "Venus Figurines of the European Paleolithic: Symbols of Fertility or Attractiveness?". Journal of Anthropology. 2011: 1–11. doi:10.1155/2011/569120.

Further reading

External links

Baca informasi lainnya:

Fictional character For other uses, see Shadow (disambiguation). Lamont Cranston redirects here. For the musical group, see The Lamont Cranston Band. Comics character The ShadowArt by John CassadayPublication informationPublisher Street & Smith Condé Nast First appearance Detective Story Hour(July 31, 1930)[1] (radio) The Living Shadow(April 1, 1931)[1] (print) Created byWalter B. GibsonIn-story informationAlter ego Kent Allard (print) Lamont Cranston (radio and film) Notabl…

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (أبريل 2020) كأس بطولة كأس الأمم الأفريقيةكأس الأمم الأفريقية الحالية إتخذت منذ عام 2001معلومات عامةمنحت لـ الفوز في بطول…

Автошлях Н 25 Автошлях Н25 поблизу НетішинаЗагальні даніКраїна  УкраїнаМережа національні автомобільні шляхи УкраїниНомер Н 25 Регіон Рівненська областьХмельницька областьДовжина 292,1 (297,2) кмпочаток Городищекінець СтарокостянтинівЗ'єднання Р88 М07E373 Т 1826 Т 1811 М06E40 Н2…

ChicagoPoster film ChicagoSutradara Rob Marshall Produser Martin Richards Ditulis oleh Bill Condon BerdasarkanChicagooleh Bob Fosse dan Fred EbbChicagooleh Maurine Dallas WatkinsPemeranRenée ZellwegerCatherine Zeta-JonesRichard GereQueen LatifahJohn C. ReillyPenata musikJohn KanderSinematograferDion BeebePenyuntingMartin WalshPerusahaanproduksiProducer Circle CompanyZadan/Meron ProductionsDistributorMiramax FilmsTanggal rilis 10 Desember 2002 (2002-12-10) (Samuel Goldwyn Theater)…

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يونيو 2022) عبد السلام الركراكي معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 1939 (العمر 83–84 سنة)  الرباط  الجنسية المغرب  الحياة العملية المهنة لاعب جمباز  الرياضة جمباز فني  ت…

دمونويدdemonoidلقطة شاشةمعلومات عامةموقع الويب demonoid.pw نوع الموقع تراكر بت تورنتأنشأه ديموستاريخ الإطلاق 21 نيسان/أبريل 2003[1]التأسيس 21 أبريل 2003 الوضع الحالي نشِطالجوانب التقنيةاللغة الإنجليزية[2]عدد المستخدمين غير معروفترتيب أليكسا 3٬959[6](30 نوفمبر 2017) المنظومة الاقت…

Scottish banknote Ten pounds(United Kingdom)Value£10 sterlingWidth132 mmHeight69 mmSecurity featuresSee-through window, raised print, security thread, mask, microlettering [1]Material usedPolymerYears of printing1838–present2017–present (current design)ObverseDesignRobert BurnsDesign date2017ReverseDesignOld and New Towns of EdinburghDesign date2017 The Clydesdale Bank £10 note, also known informally as a tenner, is a sterling banknote. It is the second smallest deno…

Este artigo não cita fontes confiáveis. Ajude a inserir referências. Conteúdo não verificável pode ser removido.—Encontre fontes: ABW  • CAPES  • Google (N • L • A) (Setembro de 2020) O Grande Prêmio da Turquia de MotoGP é um evento motociclístico que fez parte da temporada da MotoGP até 2007. Vencedores do Grande Prêmio da Turquia Ano Pista 125 cc 250 cc MotoGP Resumo 2007 Istanbul Park Simone Corsi Andrea Dovizioso Case…

American sailor (1797–1869) Owen ChaseBorn(1797-10-07)October 7, 1797Nantucket, Massachusetts, U.S.DiedMarch 8, 1869(1869-03-08) (aged 71)Nantucket, Massachusetts, U.S.OccupationWhaling CaptainGenreNon fiction Owen Chase (October 7, 1797 – March 7, 1869) was first mate of the whaler Essex, which sank in the Pacific Ocean on November 20, 1820, after being rammed by a sperm whale. Soon after his return to Nantucket, Chase wrote an account of the shipwreck and the attempts of the crew to r…

Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India RajamConstituency for the Andhra Pradesh Legislative AssemblyLocation of Rajam Assembly constituency within Andhra PradeshConstituency detailsCountryIndiaRegionSouth IndiaStateAndhra PradeshDistrictVizianagaramTotal electors219,313ReservationSCMember of Legislative Assembly15th Andhra Pradesh Legislative AssemblyIncumbent Kambala Jogulu PartyYSR Congress PartyElected year2019 Rajam is a constituency in Vizianagaram district of Andhra…

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Oktober 2022. JAWA MotoDidirikan1929PendiriFrantišek Janeček (1878–1941)KantorpusatPraha, CekoProduksepeda motor, mopedKaryawan100 (2017)[1]IndukJihostroj, Mahindra & MahindraSitus webwww.jawa.eu Jawa (pengucapan bahasa Ceska: [java]) adalah s…

American politician, lawyer, writer and businessman (1823–1907) Galusha A. Grow24th Speaker of the United States House of RepresentativesIn officeJuly 4, 1861 – March 4, 1863Preceded byWilliam PenningtonSucceeded bySchuyler ColfaxLeader of the House Republican ConferenceIn officeJuly 4, 1861 – March 4, 1863Preceded byWilliam PenningtonSucceeded bySchuyler ColfaxMember of theU.S. House of Representatives from PennsylvaniaIn officeMarch 4, 1851 – March 3, 186…

Map of CanadaA population centre, in the context of a Canadian census, is a populated place, or a cluster of interrelated populated places, which meets the demographic characteristics of an urban area, having a population of at least 1,000 people and a population density of no fewer than 400 people per square km2.[1] The term was introduced in the Canada 2011 Census; prior to that, Statistics Canada used the term urban area.[1] Statistics Canada listed 944 population centres in i…

Hospital in EnglandCrimicar Lane HospitalPlaque commemorating the site of the hospitalShown in South YorkshireGeographyLocationSheffield, South Yorkshire, England, United KingdomCoordinates53°22′21″N 1°33′18″W / 53.372455°N 1.554882°W / 53.372455; -1.554882OrganisationCare systemPublic NHSTypeIsolationHistoryOpened1902Closed1956LinksListsHospitals in England Crimicar Lane Hospital and Sanatorium was an isolation hospital for sufferers of smallpox and tuberculo…

Emblem of the U.S.S.R. republic of Byelorussia Emblem of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist RepublicVersions1958-1981 ArmigerByelorussian Soviet Socialist RepublicAdopted1937CrestRed starSupportersStalks of wheat, clover and flaxMottoПралетарыі ўсіх краін, яднайцеся! (Belarusian) Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Russian) Workers of the world, unite!Earlier version(s) The Byelorussian SSR emblem was used as the coat of arms of the Sov…

Ability Super-strength redirects here. For the beverage also known as Super-strength lager, see Malt liquor. Superhuman strength is a superpower commonly invoked in fiction and other literary works such as mythology. A fictionalized representation of the phenomenon of hysterical strength, it is the power to exert force and lift weights beyond what is physically possible for an ordinary human being. Alternate terms of superhuman strength have included enhanced strength, super-strength and increas…

Imelda Wigoena Imelda Wigoena Koerniawan atau Imelda Wiguna Kurniawan (Oeij Tjin Kim)(lahir 12 Oktober 1951) adalah seorang pemain bulu tangkis Indonesia di era tahun 1970-an sampai 1980-an. Ia banyak meraih gelar juara dalam berbagai kejuaraan internasional, baik dalam dalam nomor ganda putri maupun ganda campuran. Pemain-pemain yang pernah berpasangan dengannya adalah Theresia Widiastuti, Verawaty Fajrin, Christian Hadinata, dan Rosiana Tendean. Imelda berhasil meraih gelar juara ganda putri d…

Village/Town in South Constituency, IcelandSkógarVillage/TownChurch of the museum at Skógar, behind it the mountain range EyjafjöllLocation of the Municipality of Rangárþing eystraSkógarLocation of Skógar in IcelandCoordinates: 63°31′N 19°30′W / 63.517°N 19.500°W / 63.517; -19.500CountryIcelandConstituencySouth ConstituencyRegionSouthern RegionMunicipalityRangárþing eystraPopulation • Total25Time zoneUTC+0 (GMT) Skógar museum Skógar (pronoun…

World War II cryptographer Gilbert Osborne HaywardHayward in 2010 holding medal for codebreaking workBornOctober 16, 1917DiedOctober 9, 2011NationalityBritishOccupation(s)Cryptographer, inventorKnown forTunny cipher, Colossus Gilbert Osborne Hayward (16 October 1917—9 October 2011) was a World War II cryptographer and inventor of the first electronic seal security device. Career As a pupil at Kilburn Grammar School, Hayward became captivated by machines and science. At 19 he was the young…

1988 single by Lorrie MorganTrainwreck of EmotionSingle by Lorrie Morganfrom the album Leave the Light On B-sideOne More Last TimeReleasedDecember 10, 1988GenreCountryLength3:08LabelRCA NashvilleSongwriter(s)Alan RhodyJon VeznerProducer(s)Barry BeckettLorrie Morgan singles chronology Don't Go Changing (1984) Trainwreck of Emotion (1988) Dear Me (1989) Trainwreck of Emotion is a song written by Jon Vezner and Alan Rhody, and recorded by American country music artist Lorrie Morgan. It was released…

Shiraz Metro station Zandiyeh Stationایستگاه زندیهShiraz Metro StationGeneral informationLocationZand BoulevardDistricts 2-8, Shiraz, Shiraz CountyIranCoordinates29°37′06″N 52°32′27″E / 29.618284°N 52.5408375°E / 29.618284; 52.5408375Operated byShiraz Urban Railway OrganizationLine(s)1PlatformsIsland platformConnections Shiraz City Buses  1  Dastgheib-Abiverdi 2  Dastgheib-Saadiyeh 70  Namazi-Vali Asr (Via Zand Blvd.)&…

Residential building in Manhattan, New York Not to be confused with Empire State Building. United States historic placeEmpire BuildingU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesU.S. Historic districtContributing propertyNew York City Landmark No. 1933 (1898)Location71 Broadway, Manhattan, New YorkCoordinates40°42′26″N 74°00′47″W / 40.70722°N 74.01306°W / 40.70722; -74.01306Built1895–1898ArchitectKimball & ThompsonArchitectural styleClassical…

1973 studio album by Etta JamesEtta JamesStudio album by Etta JamesReleased1973RecordedSunset Sound Factory, Hollywood, CaliforniaGenreFunk, Soul, R&BLabelChessCH-50042ProducerGabriel MeklerEtta James chronology Losers Weepers(1971) Etta James(1973) Come a Little Closer(1974) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic[1]Christgau's Record GuideB[2] Etta James (also known as Only a Fool) is the tenth studio album by American blues artist Etta James, released…

For the botanist, see Charles Elmer Allen. Charles E. AllenCharles E. AllenUnder Secretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and AnalysisIn officeAugust 23, 2005 – January 20, 2009PresidentGeorge W. BushPreceded byPatrick M. HughesSucceeded byCaryn Wagner Personal detailsBornTaylorsville, Alexander County, North Carolina, USAlma materUniversity of North CarolinaU.S. Air Force Air War CollegeWebsiteDHS Charles E. Allen Charles E. Allen (born 1936) is an American public servant, not…

Luçon Entidad subnacional Escudo LuçonLocalización de Luçon en Francia Coordenadas 46°27′17″N 1°09′57″O / 46.454722222222, -1.1658333333333Entidad Comuna de Francia • País  Francia • Región Países del Loira • Departamento Vandea • Distrito distrito de Fontenay-le-Comte • Cantón cantón de Luzón • Mancomunidad Communauté de communes du Pays né de la merAlcalde Pierre-Guy Perrier[1]​(2008 - 2014)Superficie &#…

2017 Indian filmNapoleonOfficial posterDirected byAnand RaviWritten byAnand RaviProduced byBhogendra GuptaStarring Anand Ravi Komalee Prasad Ravi Varma Music bySidharth SadasivuniRelease date 24 November 2017 (2017-11-24) CountryIndiaLanguageTelugu Napoleon is a 2017 Indian Telugu-language thriller film directed by Anand Ravi starring himself, Komalee Prasad and Ravi Varma. Cast Anand Ravi as Napoleon Komalee Prasad as Sravanthi Ravi Varma as the circle inspector Production Writer…

Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori cubani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Ángel Horta Nazionalità  Cuba Calcio Ruolo Difensore Squadra  Camagüey Carriera Squadre di club1 2013- Camagüey? (?) Nazionale 2015- Cuba1 (0) 1 I due numeri indicano le presenze e le reti segnate, per le sole partite di campionato.Il simbolo → indica un trasferimento in prestito.   Modifi…

Lists of South Korean films by year ← 1970 1971 1972 → Korean Animation Full list . . Pre-1948 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 •00000•00000…

Ada usul agar artikel ini digabungkan dengan Pulau Hantu Timur. (Diskusikan) Pulau Pantara BaratNegaraIndonesiaGugus kepulauanKepulauan SeribuProvinsiDKI JakartaKabupatenKepulauan SeribuLuas- km²Populasi- Pulau Pantara Barat adalah sebuah pulau yang terletak di Kepulauan Seribu di Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, Indonesia. Lihat pula Kabupaten Administratif Kepulauan Seribu Kepulauan Seribu Pranala luar Situs resmi Kabupaten Administratif Kepulauan Seribu Diarsipkan 2017-02-22 di Wayback Ma…

Знаки почтовой оплаты Украины (1999) — перечень знаков почтовой оплаты (почтовых марок), введённых в обращение почтой Украины в 1999 году[1][2]. В 1999 году было выпущено 58 памятных (коммеморативных[Комм 1]) почтовых марок. Тематика марок охватывала юбилеи выдающихся …

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya