Since 1978, the island has been part of the independent state of the Solomon Islands.
Geography
The island is located at the southern end of the New Georgia Islands archipelago. To the north-west is the island of New Georgia and to the south-east is the island of Nggatokae. The largest saltwater lagoon in the world, the Marovo Lagoon, encircles most of the island. Vangunu is a volcanic island, dominated by an inactive Pleistocenestratovolcano[2] with a height of 1,082 metres (3,550 ft), whose caldera slopes are now covered with thick jungle forest.
Around 28 kilometres (17 mi) to the south of Vangunu lies the submarine volcano known as Kavachi, the only currently active volcano of the archipelago, and one of the most active submarine volcanoes in the south-west Pacific Ocean.
Ecology, flora and fauna
On the southern side of the island, the forests and coastline around the tiny community of Zaira are pristine and unique, providing habitat for at least three vulnerable species of animals: the leatherback turtles, the Vangunu giant rat, and the New Georgia monkey-faced bat. The latter two are only found in this location.[3] The Vanganu giant rat was documented for the first time in 2017 by Tyrone Lavery, and is considered critically endangered due to the small amount of forest habitat — about 80 square kilometres (31 sq mi) — remaining on the island amid ongoing logging.[4][5]
The 200 inhabitants of Zaira have been trying to get the forests declared a protected area, so that logging and mining cannot disturb and pollute the pristine forests and coastline.[3]
Demographics
In 1999, the population of Rendova was estimated at 2,212 people. Most of the people of Vangunu speak Vangunu language, while those in the northern part of the island, around the Marovo lagoon, speak the closely related Marovo language. They live mainly by subsistence agriculture and are skilled at fishing.[6]
