Union Federal Party

The Union Federal Party (Afrikaans: Verenigde Federale Party) was a relatively liberal white South African party that broke away from the United Party after the 1953 election. It never gained any seats in Parliament, and ceased to exist in 1960.

Background

The party was initially led by Senator George Heaton Nicholls who was previously the United Party opposition leader in the Senate.^[1]: 305 It was formed on 10 May 1953.^[2]: 330 It was founded by members of Torch Commando from Natal.^{[3][4]: 254} The party was also said to have support from leaders of the Commando in other provinces.^[4]: 254

It was a British diaspora party, committed to retaining links with the British Commonwealth and monarchy.^[5]: 145 The party was centred in Natal, concerned with ensuring the province's autonomy.^[1]: 305 Federal provincial autonomy was seen as a way preventing Afrikaner nationalism from dominating the political scene and could include ceding from the Union if that occurred or English language rights in the Union were interfered with.^[4]: 254 It also wished to explore liberalising the non-white franchise.^[5]: 145 The relatively liberal franchise policy for non-whites included Indians to be enrolled on a communal voters roll similar to the Coloureds in the Cape Province and the possibility of a voters roll for Black South Africans who were highly educated.^{[1]: 305 [4]: 254}

The first and major test of the party's electoral appeal was a by-election in the Durban parliamentary constituency of Berea. The party candidate was Col. A.C. Martin, locally popular as a war hero and recent headmaster of Durban High School, but he received only a third of the votes. In the 1954 Natal Provincial Council elections, the party won no seats and only a fifth of the total vote. In the 1958 general election the party did not field any candidates. With Martin as its leader, the party campaigned unsuccessfully for a "No" vote in the 1960 national referendum on whether South Africa should become a republic. After that defeat, the Union Federal Party was dissolved. ^[6]

References

1. Carter, Gwendolen M. (January 1954). "Can Apartheid Succeed in South Africa?". Foreign Affairs. 32 (2): 296–309. doi:10.2307/20031028. JSTOR 20031028.(registration required)
2. Bernstein, Edgar (1954). "Union of South Africa". The American Jewish Year Book. 55: 327–339. JSTOR 23603638.(registration required)
3. Two New Parties For S. Africa; The Times, 11 May 1953; p. 8, col. G
4. Paterson, Bruce (Autumn 1953). "The South African Scene". International Journal. 8 (4): 249–255. doi:10.2307/40197967. JSTOR 40197967.(registration required)
5. Carter, Gwendolen M. (March 1955). "Union of South Africa: Politics of White Supremacy". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 298: 142–150. doi:10.1177/000271625529800115. JSTOR 1028714. S2CID 144451224.(registration required)
6. Heard, K.A. General Elections in South Africa 1943–70 Oxford: Oxford University Press 1974 ^{[ISBN missing] [page needed]}