Tron 2.0

Tron 2.0
Developer(s)Monolith Productions[a]
Publisher(s)Buena Vista Interactive[b]
Producer(s)Cliff Kamida
Garrett Price
Designer(s)Frank Rooke
Programmer(s)Kevin Stephens
Kevin Lambert
Artist(s)Eric Kohler
Matt Allen
Composer(s)Nathan Grigg
SeriesTron
EngineLithtech Triton
Platform(s)Windows
Mac OS X
Mobile phone
Game Boy Advance
Xbox
ReleaseWindows
OS X
  • EU: November 14, 2003
  • NA: June 1, 2004
Mobile
  • NA: November 26, 2003 (Light Cycles)[4]
  • NA: May 12, 2004 (Discs of Tron)
Game Boy Advance
Xbox
Genre(s)First-person shooter
Mode(s)Single-player, multiplayer

Tron 2.0 is a first-person shooter video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Buena Vista Interactive. The Microsoft Windows version of the game was released in August 2003. The Mac OS X version was released by MacPlay on April 21, 2004. The game is a sequel to Tron, a 1982 science-fiction film, although it is set in an alternate continuity since its events were decanonized by Tron: Legacy.

Jason Cottle voices the player character Jethro "Jet" Bradley, the son of ENCOM programmer Alan Bradley (voiced by Bruce Boxleitner, who reprises his role from the original film). Cindy Morgan, who also starred in Tron, voices the artificial intelligence "Ma3a". Rebecca Romijn provides the voice of Mercury. The game features a new "light cycle" design by Syd Mead, and provides explanations for the Tron arcade game (which makes an appearance in this game) and Kevin Flynn's experiences inside the ENCOM mainframe as shown in the original film.

According to Tron creator Steven Lisberger and Tron: Legacy director Joseph Kosinski, Tron 2.0 is not part of the Tron movie canon.[9]

Gameplay

In addition to being primarily a first-person shooter, Tron 2.0 features the franchise's light Cycle segments.

Tron 2.0 plays primarily as a first-person shooter. Gameplay takes place inside various computers, such as mainframes and a personal digital assistant (PDA), while some custcenes are in the ENCOM research laboratory outside the computer world. Levels are linear in format. The goal of each level is generally to complete tasks and find keys, known as permission bits that allow access to the next level. While searching for these bits the protagonist, Jet, can find upgrades and lore surrounding the game's world.

Jet begins the game with his Identity Disc, which is used for both storing data and for combat. The disc is the same format featured in the films, and when thrown can bounce off enemies and objects, but always returns to its owner. Jet can also acquire computerized versions of real-life weapons, such as a shotgun, submachine gun, sniper rifle, and hand grenades. Each weapon aside from the disc uses energy as ammunition, which can be collected at various points in the game.

Jet's abilities are customizable, as his in-computer program earns version upgrades - when earning a level, Jet 0.0.0 becomes Jet 0.0.1, and so on. He acquires new abilities, and also the aforementioned weapons, in the form of subroutines held in archive bins scattered around the levels, but has a limited number of memory slots in which to install these subroutines onto his person. Subroutines start out as alpha-grade software, but can be upgraded to beta and gold statuses, similar to a software release life cycle. Status upgrades both take up less space in memory and become more effective. The layout of Jet's memory slots changes from level to level, with immovable "base code" taking up various slots and limiting the number and size of the abilities Jet can equip. When attacked by viruses, subroutines can become fragmented or infected and cannot be used until Jet repairs them. If Jet encounters a program unknown to him, he can import one of its unique abilities to his own system.

As he moves through the levels, Jet must engage many lower-tier enemies. Although none are particularly powerful, they usually appear in gangs, making them more of a threat. Among the regular levels, there are some with boss enemies. Interspersed with the first-person-shooter levels are several light cycle races. As seen in the movie, these races are actually arena duels in which each light cycle attempts to destroy its opponents by driving them into its jetwall. The arenas contain improvements, such as speed zones that affect the cycles' speed, more complex layouts with walls and other artifacts, and power-ups that can be collected during races. In addition to Tron's regular light cycle, Jet can also gain access to the super light cycle that sports a more modern design and offers more speed.

Tron 2.0 offers some multiplayer scenarios, both in campaign mode and in light cycle mode. Internet and LAN play are available, although the vendor does not recommend that the light cycle mode be used over the Internet due to its generally high lag.

Setting

The game, like the film, is set "inside" a computer. Areas within the game feature glowing neon-colored highlights similar to the original film's aesthetic, with colors denoting the type and general ambiance of the system - for example, part of the story takes place in the flaming red environment of a firewall, while a PDA is colored plain white. Levels contain such features as energy bridges and gates, floating boxes and tiles, teleport spots, and deep chasms. Jet can take damage (or even die) by falling from too great a height, and can also be crushed by falling objects and moving platforms.

Like the film, Tron 2.0 uses many computing conventions to explain in-game events, characters, weapons, and other phenomena. For example, players battle viruses while fleeing a system format, and wield a sniper rifle known as the LOL, additionally amplifying its damage with a skill called Megahurtz. Programs in the systems bear various names based on their functions, including names based on their creators (like Brian.exe), system tools (e.g. servwatch.exe), parodies of popular software (e.g. reelplyr.exe and netscope.exe), and viruses and malware scripts (HA-HA-HA-0X0->???, Durandal and (Ra*mpa^ncy) - the latter two being references to Marathon). Datawraiths, which are in essence digitized humans, feature email addresses such as [email protected] and [email protected]. Jet can also find and read e-mail messages in certain systems, which partly reveal the game's background story, but also provide insight into the relationships between Alan, Jet, and Ma3a.

Plot

The plot of Tron 2.0 centers around Alan's son Jethro "Jet" Bradley. Since the events of Tron, ENCOM has been taken over by a company called FCon (Future Control Industries). During a phone conversation between Jet and his father, Alan is kidnapped. Ma3a, an artificial intelligence designed by Alan, digitizes Jet into Alan's computer. She informs Jet that she needs him to aid her against J.D. Thorne, an executive from FCon who attempted to digitize himself into the computer as well, but became corrupted during the process and turned into a virus spreading throughout the system.

Upon arriving, Jet is captured by Kernel, the system's security program, and is accused of being the source of the corruption. However, Kernel spares Jet on the recommendation of Mercury, a program also tasked to help Ma3a, and sends Jet to the light cycle arena. After winning several matches, Jet escapes the arena with Mercury's help. After the two reunite with Ma3a, the server is reformatted due to its rampant corruption, which results in Mercury's demise. Jet escapes to the original ENCOM grid with Ma3a and accesses an archive with the help of an antiquated program, I-No, to retrieve the source code for "Tron Legacy", an update to the original TRON that Alan wrote to protect Ma3a. Jet and Ma3a then access the Internet and find a compiler, which they use to begin compiling the Tron Legacy source code. During the process, Thorne attacks them and appears to kill Ma3a, while Jet receives a communication from Guest, the User who had assigned Mercury to help him. Accessing a video uplink, Jet sees his father trapped inside a storage closet, who holds up a sign telling him to not compile the Legacy program. However, the compile finishes before Jet can abort it, and Legacy activates, revealing that its sole function is to kill all rogue Users in the digital world. Jet escapes in a light cycle, and FCon inadvertently saves him by capturing Ma3a with a Seeker search program.

Having recovered the correction algorithms necessary to digitize a human, Alan is sent to Thorne's corrupted server and assists Kernel and his ICPs (Intrusion Countermeasure Programs). Meanwhile, Jet finds Thorne at the heart of the server and confronts Kernel in a duel that ends in Kernel's destruction before he can kill Thorne. Thorne, in a moment of lucidity, begs Jet for forgiveness and tells him how to enter FCon's server before he dissipates.

Alan and Jet break into FCon's server, which the corporation is planning to use to distribute Datawraiths - digitized human hackers - across the worldwide information network for purposes of corporate and international espionage. After Alan and Jet crash the server, the CEO of FCon (which the game implies could be Ed Dillinger, the ENCOM senior executive from the original film) orders Baza, Popoff, and Crowne into the system themselves. Alan, wanting to verify the purity of the correction algorithms, removes them from Ma3a to inspect them. As a result, when the three FCon employees are digitized, they become a monstrous amalgam that chases Jet into the digitizing beam. Jet battles the monster amalgam and ejects the employees out of the beam, releasing their code from the corruption one by one. Severing the CEO's control, Alan and Jet extract and save the Tron Legacy code as the ENCOM servers crash. The game ends with Alan planning to reassemble the digitized FCon team and bring them back to the real world.

Reception

The PC version received "favorable" reviews, while the Game Boy Advance and Xbox versions received "average" reviews, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.[37][38][39]

The Cincinnati Enquirer gave the PC version four-and-a-half stars out of five and said: "Whether or not you're a fan of the movie, TRON 2.0 oozes with style and substance. Developer Monolith Productions deserves credit for creating one of the finest and most unique PC games of the year to date".[30] Maxim gave the same console version a score of eight out of ten and called it "a must for those out there who still like their CGI old school".[40] However, The Times gave the Xbox version three stars out of five, saying that "the controls take some time to master, and there's a surfeit of useless jargon seemingly designed to prevent you getting to grips with the gameplay. Nor is this a game for the short-sighted, since the on-screen captions that supposedly offer guidance are minute and virtually illegible".[31]

Despite the good reviews, the PC version underperformed in sales and BVG eventually dropped support for the game two years after it was released.[41] Despite the lack of support from BVG, additional levels and multiplayer maps have been developed by fans of the game, including an expansion game and modification.[42]

Slave Labor Graphics produced a Tron 2.0 comic book sequel miniseries called Tron: The Ghost in the Machine.[citation needed]

Computer Games Magazine named Tron 2.0 the fourth-best computer game of 2003, and presented it with awards for "Best Sound Effects" and "Best Art Direction", the latter of which it shared with Uru: Ages Beyond Myst. The editors called Tron 2.0 "easily one of the year's best looking games, and a textbook example of how graphics rely just as much on art design as they do technology".[43] The editors of Computer Gaming World nominated Tron 2.0 for their 2003 "Shooter of the Year" and overall "Game of the Year" awards, which ultimately went to Call of Duty and Knights of the Old Republic, respectively.[44] It was also nominee for PC Gamer US's 2003 "Best Action Game" award, although it lost again to Call of Duty. The editors declared it "a movie license done right".[45] During the 7th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated Tron 2.0 for "Computer First-Person Action Game of the Year" and "Outstanding Innovation in Computer Gaming".[46]

In 2009, GamesRadar ranked the game third on their list of the seven best Disney games, saying "Not to discount the gorgeousness of 2.0’s neon lined environments, nor the wonderfully tech savvy 1337 speak [...] but the Light Cycle arenas remain the game’s crown jewel. All the nausea-inducing camera angles and impossible turns of Tron’s deadly game of competitive Snake were preserved, and you could bring the action online where it ran like a fanboy fever dream."[47]

Ports

In addition to the Mac, the game was ported to mobile phones in two versions: the first, called Tron 2.0: Light Cycles, which was released on November 21, 2003; and the second, called Tron 2.0: Discs of Tron, which was released on May 12, 2004. The same game was later ported to the Xbox with significant changes to the single and, especially, the multiplayer modes. The Xbox version is titled Tron 2.0: Killer App. Changes to the single player mode include optional jumping sequences, and overall console-tailored controls. The real changes were made to the multiplayer modes. Added is up to sixteen player multiplayer disc arena, light cycles, or overRide modes for system link or Xbox Live. The new overRide mode allows for first person gameplay with the ability to ride light cycles at any time. There is also a version of Tron 2.0: Killer App for the Game Boy Advance that has a different story and gameplay elements from its Xbox counterpart. A version of the game was planned for the Gizmondo, but was canceled during development.

Notes

  1. ^ Ported to Xbox by Climax LA. Lavastorm Analytics developed the mobile version, while Digital Eclipse developed the Game Boy Advance version.
  2. ^ Walt Disney Internet Group published the Mobile version. MacPlay published the Mac OS X version.

References

  1. ^ Wright, Gary (August 27, 2003). "TRON 2.0 Out Tomorrow". Gameplanet. Archived from the original on May 27, 2008. Retrieved August 11, 2024.
  2. ^ "Tron 2.0 Released to Places Everywhere". IGN. August 26, 2003. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  3. ^ "What's New?". Eurogamer. September 19, 2003. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  4. ^ I. G. N. Staff (2003-11-26). "Tron 2.0 Goes Wireless". IGN. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  5. ^ "What's New?". Eurogamer.net. 2004-11-12. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  6. ^ "TRON 2.0: Killer App Ships for Game Boy Advance". Animation World Network. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  7. ^ "What's New?". Eurogamer.net. 2004-12-10. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  8. ^ Adams, David (2004-11-03). "The Big Upload". IGN. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  9. ^ Merrick (March 1, 2010). "TRON LEGACY: Cool Details From L.A.'s Post-Trailer Q&A! First Film Coming On Blu-Ray? Info Re: Disney's Promo Plans! More!!". Ain't It Cool News. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
  10. ^ Martin Taylor (September 1, 2003). "Tron 2.0". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  11. ^ Kristan Reed (December 8, 2004). "TRON 2.0: Killer App (Xbox)". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on August 16, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  12. ^ Ben Silverman (August 2003). "Tron 2.0 Review". Game Revolution. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  13. ^ Mike Reilly (December 2, 2004). "Tron 2.0: Killer App Review (Xbox)". Game Revolution. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  14. ^ Frank Provo (December 2, 2004). "Tron 2.0: Killer App Review (GBA)". GameSpot. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  15. ^ Avery Score (January 1, 2004). "Tron 2.0: Light Cycles Review". GameSpot. Archived from the original on March 26, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  16. ^ Damon Brown (July 29, 2004). "Tron 2.0: Discs of Tron review". GameSpot. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  17. ^ Scott Osborne (August 27, 2003). "Tron 2.0 Review". GameSpot. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  18. ^ Bob Colayco (November 9, 2004). "Tron 2.0: Killer App Review (Xbox)". GameSpot. Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  19. ^ Bryan Stratton (November 10, 2004). "GameSpy: Tron 2.0: Killer App (GBA)". GameSpy. Archived from the original on December 16, 2005. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  20. ^ Sal Accardo (August 27, 2003). "GameSpy: TRON 2.0". GameSpy. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  21. ^ Russ Fischer (November 9, 2004). "GameSpy: Tron 2.0 Killer App (Xbox)". GameSpy. Archived from the original on December 26, 2005. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  22. ^ Craig Harris (October 28, 2004). "Tron 2.0: Killer App (GBA)". IGN. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  23. ^ Levi Buchanan (June 4, 2004). "[Tron 2.0:] Discs of TRON". IGN. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  24. ^ Levi Buchanan (December 3, 2003). "Tron 2.0: Light Cycles". IGN. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  25. ^ Dan Adams (August 22, 2003). "TRON 2.0 Review". IGN. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  26. ^ Douglass C. Perry (November 2, 2004). "Tron 2.0: Killer App (Xbox)". IGN. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  27. ^ "Tron 2.0: Killer App". Nintendo Power. Vol. 185. November 2004. p. 131.
  28. ^ "Tron 2.0: Killer App". Official Xbox Magazine. January 2005. p. 78.
  29. ^ Chuck Osborn (November 2003). "Tron 2.0". PC Gamer: 96. Archived from the original on March 15, 2006. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  30. ^ a b Marc Saltzman (August 5, 2003). "Stylish TRON 2.0 is filled with action". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Archived from the original on October 1, 2007. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  31. ^ a b "Tron 2.0: Killer App (Xbox)". The Times. January 22, 2005. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.(subscription required)
  32. ^ "Tron 2.0: Killer App for Game Boy Advance". GameRankings. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  33. ^ "Tron 2.0: Light Cycles for Mobile". GameRankings. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  34. ^ "Tron 2.0: Discs of Tron for Mobile". GameRankings. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  35. ^ "Tron 2.0 for PC". GameRankings. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  36. ^ "Tron 2.0: Killer App for Xbox". GameRankings. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  37. ^ a b "Tron 2.0: Killer App for Game Boy Advance Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  38. ^ a b "Tron 2.0 for PC Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on July 28, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
  39. ^ a b "Tron 2.0: Killer App for Xbox Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on December 5, 2015. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  40. ^ Alex Porter (August 26, 2003). "Tron 2.0". Maxim. Archived from the original on September 5, 2003. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  41. ^ "Tron 2.0 News". Tron Sector. Archived from the original on March 15, 2010. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  42. ^ tronfaq (April 28, 2019). "Tron 2.0 News". Archived from the original on June 9, 2023. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  43. ^ Staff (March 2004). "Best of 2003; The 13th Annual Awards". Computer Games Magazine (160): 58–62.
  44. ^ Editors of CGW (March 2004). "Computer Gaming World's 2003 Games of the Year". Computer Gaming World. No. 236. pp. 57–60, 62–69.
  45. ^ Staff (March 2004). "The 10th Annual PC Gamer Awards". PC Gamer US. 11 (3): 38–40, 42, 44, 45.
  46. ^ "D.I.C.E. Awards By Video Game Details Tron 2.0". interactive.org. Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences. Archived from the original on 17 June 2023. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  47. ^ Antista, Chris (2009-09-21). "The Top 7... Kickass Disney Games". GamesRadar. Archived from the original on 2015-04-07. Retrieved 2022-05-03.

Read other articles:

Chemical compound Not to be confused with Sodium carbonate. For the leavening agent of which baking soda is a common ingredient, see Baking powder. Sodium bicarbonate Ball and stick model of a sodium cation Ball and stick model of a bicarbonate anion Crystal structure Na+ coordination HCO3− coordination Names IUPAC name sodium hydrogencarbonate Other names Baking soda, bicarb (laboratory slang), bicarbonate of soda, nahcolite, natrium hydrogen carbonate, natron Identifiers CAS Number 144-55...

 

Indian TV series or programme Humko Tumse Ho Gaya Hai Pyaar Kya Karein?GenreDramaCreated bySuzana GhaiWritten byManasvi AryaStarringIshani Sharma Varun Toorkey Sudhir Pandey Abha Parmar Ankur VermaOpening themeDarshan Raval & Palak MuchhalCountry of originIndiaOriginal languageHindiNo. of seasons1No. of episodes95ProductionProducersSuzana Ghai Hemant Ruprell Ranjeet ThakurProduction locationDelhiCinematographySameer ShrivastavaEditorSameer GandhiCamera setupMulti-cameraRunning time22...

 

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (نوفمبر 2019) كليفتون سبراغ   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 8 يناير 1896  دورشستر  [لغات أخرى]‏  الوفاة 11 أبريل 1955 (59 سنة)   سان دييغو  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  �...

 

Санта-Крус-де-ла-СарсаSanta Cruz de la Zarza Герб {{{official_name}}}ГербМуніципалітетКраїна  ІспаніяАвтономна спільнота Кастилія-Ла-МанчаПровінція ТоледоКоординати 39°58′37″ пн. ш. 3°11′28″ зх. д. / 39.977° пн. ш. 3.191° зх. д. / 39.977; -3.191Координати: 39°58′37″ пн.&#...

 

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) الاشتباكات الحدودية اللبنانية السورية جزء من الصراع في لبنان 2012   معلومات عامة التاريخ حزيران/يونيه 2012

 

Tsing Chau Tsai PeninsulaTraditional Chinese青洲仔半島Simplified Chinese青洲仔半岛TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinQīng Zhōu Zǎi BàndǎoYue: CantoneseJyutpingceng1 zau1 zai2 bun3 dou2 Ma Wan (foreground left) connected to the Tsing Chau Tsai Peninsula by the Kap Shui Mun Bridge across Kap Shui Mun. Tsing Chau Tsai Peninsula (Chinese: 青洲仔半島; Jyutping: ceng1 zau1 zai2 bun3 dou2) is the peninsula located at the northeast of Lantau Island, New Territ...

 

2003 Lucha Libre AAA World Wide event Triplemanía XIEl Zorro, worked his first Triplemanía show.PromotionAAADateJune 15, 2003[1]CityNaucalpan, Mexico[1]VenueEl Toreo[1]Attendance15,000[1]Pay-per-view chronology ← PreviousRey de Reyes Next →Verano de Escándalo Triplemanía chronology ← PreviousX Next →XII Triplemanía XI was the eleventh Triplemanía professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on June 15, 2003,...

 

Canadian ice hockey league from 1909 to 1917 National Hockey AssociationSportIce hockeyFoundedDecember 2, 1909 (1909-12-02)FounderAmbrose O'BrienInaugural season1910CeasedDecember 11, 1918 (104 years ago) (1918-12-11)No. of teams11CountryCanadaLastchampion(s)Montreal CanadiensMost titlesMontreal Canadiens (2), Ottawa Senators (2), Quebec Bulldogs (2) The National Hockey Association (NHA), initially the National Hockey Association of Canada Limited, was a professio...

 

For the administrative division, see Chah Dasht Rural District. For for the village in Kerman province, see Chah Dasht-e Buheng. Village in South Khorasan province, Iran Village in South Khorasan, IranChah Dashi Persian: چاه داشيVillageChah DashiCoordinates: 31°28′51″N 59°41′34″E / 31.48083°N 59.69278°E / 31.48083; 59.69278[1]Country IranProvinceSouth KhorasanCountyNehbandanDistrictCentralRural DistrictNehPopulation (2016)[2]...

 

Appointed position in the English government Not to be confused with Secretary of State (United Kingdom) or First Secretary of State. EnglandSecretary of StateCoat of Arms of the Kingdom of England from 1603 to 1649Member ofPrivy CouncilSeatWestminster, LondonAppointerThe English MonarchTerm lengthNo fixed termFormation1253–1645First holderJohn MaunsellFinal holderGeorge Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol Richard Foxe, King's Secretary1485 to 1487 In the Kingdom of England, the title of Secretary o...

 

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أغسطس 2017) فرانسوا بونامي (بالفرنسية: François Bonamy)‏    معلومات شخصية الميلاد 10 مايو 1710[1]  نانت  الوفاة 5 يناير 1786 (75 سنة) [1]  نانت  مواطنة فرنسا  منا�...

 

French dancer You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (October 2016) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Russian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into th...

 

American football player and coach (born 1963) American football player Jack Del RioDel Rio with the Washington Football Team in 2021Personal informationBorn: (1963-04-04) April 4, 1963 (age 60)Castro Valley, California, U.S.Height:6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)Weight:246 lb (112 kg)Career informationHigh school:Hayward (Hayward, California)College:USCPosition:Defensive coordinatorNFL Draft:1985 / Round: 3 / Pick: 68Career history As a player: New Orleans...

 

Ethnic flag of the Berber peoples of North Africa Berber flag - Ratio 2:3 The Berber flag or Amazigh flag is a flag that has been adopted by many Berber populations including protestors, cultural and political activists.[1][2] The flag was inaugurated in Wadya, a town of Kabylia situated in Tizi Ouzou, a province of Algeria, by an elder Algerian Kabylian veteran, Youcef Medkour.[3] History Mohand Arav Bessaoud, Algerian activist and founder of Berber Academy, designed ...

 

American professional wrestler The CrusherThe Crusher in repose (1971)Birth nameReginald LisowskiBorn(1926-07-11)July 11, 1926South Milwaukee, WisconsinDiedOctober 22, 2005(2005-10-22) (aged 79)South Milwaukee, WisconsinCause of deathBrain tumorSpouse(s) Faye ​ ​(m. 1929; died 2003)​Children4Professional wrestling careerRing name(s)The CrusherCrusher LisowskiDa CrusherDick CrusherReggie LisowskiBilled height5 ft 11 in (1.80 m...

 

Former charter & cargo airline of the United States (1947—2010) This article is about the U.S. airline. For other aviation topics, see Arrow (disambiguation). This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2015) This article needs additional citations for...

 

Popular song written by Jimmy Webb MacArthur ParkArtwork for US single release, also used for West German releaseSingle by Richard Harrisfrom the album A Tramp Shining B-sideDidn't We?ReleasedApril 1968RecordedDecember 21, 1967StudioSound Recorders, HollywoodGenre Orchestral pop baroque pop[1] psychedelia[2] easy listening[2] folk rock[2] Length7:21LabelDunhillSongwriter(s)Jimmy WebbProducer(s)Jimmy WebbRichard Harris singles chronology Here in My Heart (Theme ...

 

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the articl...

 

Twin Orishas in the Yoruba religion This article is about the Yoruba term. For the musical duo, see Ibeyi. For the record label, see Ivo Perelman. This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) IbejiTwins, Duality, Joy, Mischief, Abundance, ChildrenMember o...

 

Former multi-purpose stadium in Cincinnati, Ohio For other uses, see Riverfront Stadium (disambiguation). Riverfront StadiumThe Home of the Big Red MachineThe JungleThe Stadium in 1980Former namesRiverfront Stadium (1970–96)Cinergy Field (1996–2002)Location201 East Pete Rose Way, Cincinnati 45202Coordinates39°5′48″N 84°30′30″W / 39.09667°N 84.50833°W / 39.09667; -84.50833OwnerCity of CincinnatiCapacity52,952 (baseball, 1970–2000)59,754 (football)39,00...